大乘義章 12.110

12.110

七種大乘，出《地持論》。運通名乘。乘中莫加，謂之為大。大乘不同，一門說七。七名是何？一者法大、二者心大、三者解大、四淨心大、五眾具大、六者時大、七者得大。七中前六就因說大，後之一種就果論大。因中初一是其因法，後五因行。言法大者，所謂大乘十二部經方廣之藏，過餘契經，故云法大。問曰：法中說通理教，何故是中偏說教法？釋言：實通。攝旨從詮，故不別論。言心大者，謂發無上菩提之心，超出餘願，故曰心大。言解大者，謂解菩薩方廣之藏，勝過餘解，稱曰解大。此心與解，在於地前。淨心大者，在初地中，過解行住，入歡喜地，證心解染，名淨心大。眾具大者，在於二地乃至七地，修習功德智慧眾具，趣向菩提，名眾具大。言時大者，八地已上乃至十地，度三僧祇滿足眾行，名為時大。言得大者，謂如來地得菩提果，無與等者，況復過上，故為得大。七種大乘略辨如是。

The seven kinds of Mahāyāna are derived from the *Bodhisattvabhūmi-śāstra*. Conveying and penetrating is called a vehicle. When nothing can surpass it among vehicles, it is called "great" (mahā). The Mahāyāna differs; one teaching speaks of seven. What are the seven names? First, greatness of dharma; second, greatness of aspiration; third, greatness of understanding; fourth, greatness of pure aspiration; fifth, greatness of requisites; sixth, greatness of time; seventh, greatness of attainment. Among the seven, the first six explain greatness with respect to the cause; the last one discusses greatness with respect to the fruit. Among the causes, the first is the causal dharma, and the latter five are causal practices. "Greatness of dharma": namely, the vault of the Mahāyāna twelve divisions of scriptures and extensive sūtras, which surpasses other discourses; hence it is called greatness of dharma. Question: Dharma generally applies to both principle and doctrine; why here is it specifically said to be the doctrinal teaching? Explanation: In reality it applies to both. Gathering the meaning under the verbal expression, it is not separately discussed. "Greatness of aspiration": namely, generating the mind directed toward unsurpassed bodhi, which exceeds other vows; hence it is called greatness of aspiration. "Greatness of understanding": namely, understanding the bodhisattva's extensive vault, excelling other understandings; it is termed greatness of understanding. This aspiration and understanding lie before the grounds. "Greatness of pure aspiration": in the first ground, transcending the abodes of practice based on understanding, one enters the Joyous Ground; realizing the mind that is free from defilement is called greatness of pure aspiration. "Greatness of requisites": in the second ground up to the seventh ground, cultivating the requisites of merit and wisdom, turning toward bodhi, is called greatness of requisites. "Greatness of time": from the eighth ground and above up to the tenth ground, traversing three asaṃkhyeya [kalpas] and fulfilling all practices, is called greatness of time. "Greatness of attainment": namely, attaining the fruit of bodhi in the ground of the Tathāgata, with which none can be equal, much less surpass; hence it is greatness of attainment. The seven kinds of Mahāyāna are thus briefly distinguished.