大乘義章 12.114

12.114

次辨其相。地位開合，廣略不定。要攝唯二：一是信地、二是證地。地前菩薩於出世道信順趣向，名為信地；初地已上證實相應，名為證地。或分為三。如《地持》說，一種性持，在種性地；二發心持，在解行地；三行方便持，在初地上。或離為四：一方便道，在於地前；二者見道，在於初地；三者修道，在二地上；四無學道，在於佛地。或開為五，於前四中開方便道，以為種性、解行之別，故有五種。或分為六，如《地持》說，一種性地、二解行地、三淨心地、四行跡地、五決定地謂八地九地、六畢竟地謂第十地。《涅槃經》中言為六住諸菩薩者，據此為言。或復說七，廣如上辨，於前六中，開決定地以為決定及決定行，故有七種。亦得分八，於前七中，分種性地以為習種、性種之別，故有八矣。亦得分九，於前八中，分畢竟地以為畢竟及如來地，故有九種。或分十三，如《地持論．住品》中說，彼十地上，加種性住、解行住及如來住，故有十三。亦得開分以為十四，前十三中，開種性住以為習種、性種之別，故有十四。經中或說四十二賢聖。廣則無量。是等廣略各隨一宜，今且論七。七地如是。

Next, the characteristics are differentiated. The divisions and combinations of the stages, and their elaboration or brevity, are variable. In essential summary there are only two: first, the stage of faith; second, the stage of realization. Bodhisattvas prior to the [ten] bhūmis who have faith in, accord with, and advance toward the supramundane path are called the stage of faith; those from the first bhūmi upward who realize and accord with the true reality are called the stage of realization. Or they are divided into three. As the Bodhisattvabhūmi explains: first, the holding of the gotra (gotradhāra), situated in the stage of gotra; second, the holding of generating the aspiration [for bodhi] (cittotpādadhāra), situated in the stage of understanding and practice; third, the holding of the expedient practice (caryāprayogadhāra), situated from the first bhūmi upward. Or they are divided into four: first, the path of expedients (prayogamārga), situated before the bhūmis; second, the path of seeing (darśanamārga), situated in the first bhūmi; third, the path of cultivation (bhāvanāmārga), situated from the second bhūmi upward; fourth, the path of no-more-learning (aśaikṣamārga), situated in the Buddha-bhūmi. Or they are expanded into five: among the former four, the path of expedients is opened into the distinction between gotra and understanding-and-practice, hence there are five. Or they are divided into six, as the Bodhisattvabhūmi states: first, the stage of gotra; second, the stage of understanding and practice; third, the stage of pure mind; fourth, the stage of the traces of practice; fifth, the stage of determination, referring to the eighth and ninth bhūmis; sixth, the ultimate stage, referring to the tenth bhūmi. When the Nirvāṇa Sūtra speaks of bodhisattvas of the six abodes, it relies on this classification. Or again, seven are taught, as fully explained above: among the former six, the stage of determination is opened into [the stages of] determination and determined practice, hence there are seven. They may also be divided into eight: among the former seven, the stage of gotra is divided into the distinction between acquired gotra and original gotra, hence there are eight. They may also be divided into nine: among the former eight, the ultimate stage is divided into the ultimate [bhūmi] and the Tathāgata-bhūmi, hence there are nine. Or they are divided into thirteen, as stated in the 'Abodes Chapter' of the Bodhisattvabhūmi, where above the ten bhūmis are added the abode of gotra, the abode of understanding and practice, and the abode of the Tathāgata, hence there are thirteen. They may also be expanded and divided into fourteen: among the former thirteen, the abode of gotra is opened into the distinction between acquired gotra and original gotra, hence there are fourteen. Sūtras also occasionally speak of forty-two worthy ones and noble ones. Expanded, they are limitless. These elaborations and summaries each accord with a particular suitability; for now, we discuss seven. Such are the seven bhūmis.