大乘義章 12.38

12.38

五種方便，如《地持》說。巧修上順，名為方便。方便不同，一門說五。五名是何？一隨護方便、二無罪方便、三思惟方便、四淨心方便、五決定方便。五中前二是種性位，次一在於解行位，次一在於初地已上乃至七地，後一在於八九十地。言隨護者，種性地中集善行也。行有福智，智慧之行隨法防護，福德之行隨人防護，謂修福時自護護他，故曰隨護。言無罪者，種性位中離過行也。行修離過，故曰無罪。言思惟者，論自釋言「謂解行地，以解行中思量出道，故曰思惟。」言淨心者，論自釋言謂解行地以解行中思量出道故曰思惟言淨心者論自釋言「從淨心地至具行地，此出世間證心清淨，故曰淨心。」言決定者，謂決定地、決定行地及畢竟地，決定地者是第八地，決定行者是第九地，畢竟地者是第十地。此三在於法流水中，決定趣向無上菩提，故曰決定。五種方便，略之云爾。

The five kinds of expedient means are as expounded in the Bodhisattvabhūmi. Skillful cultivation that accords with what is above is named expedient means. Expedient means are not all the same; one rubric explains five. What are the five names? 1. Expedient means of compliant protection; 2. Expedient means of faultlessness; 3. Expedient means of reflection; 4. Expedient means of purifying the mind; 5. Expedient means of certitude. Among the five, the first two belong to the lineage stage; the next one is in the resolute practice stage; the next one is from the first bhūmi upward up to the seventh bhūmi; the last one is in the eighth, ninth, and tenth bhūmis. Regarding "compliant protection," it is the accumulation of good practices in the lineage stage. Practices include merit and wisdom: practices of wisdom guard and protect according with dharma; practices of merit guard and protect according with persons—that is, when cultivating merit, one protects oneself and protects others, hence it is called compliant protection. Regarding "faultlessness," it is the practice of leaving faults behind in the lineage stage. Cultivating practice to leave faults behind, it is therefore called faultlessness. Regarding "reflection," the treatise itself explains: "It refers to the resolute practice stage; because in resolute practice one contemplates the path of departure, it is therefore called reflection." Regarding "purifying the mind," the treatise itself explains: "From the pure-mind bhūmi to the complete practice bhūmi, this supramundane realized mind is pure, hence it is called purifying the mind." Regarding "certitude," it refers to the stage of certitude, the stage of certain practice, and the ultimate stage: the stage of certitude is the eighth bhūmi, certain practice is the ninth bhūmi, and the ultimate stage is the tenth bhūmi. Because these three reside in the stream of dharma and are definitively directed toward unsurpassed bodhi, they are called certitude. The five kinds of expedient means are briefly stated in this way.