大乘義章 13.39

13.39

第五門中明修成相。如龍樹說「趣向初禪，遠離五法、斷除五法、修習五法、成就五法，入初禪地。」遠五法者，謂離色、聲、香、味、觸等五欲法也。斷五法者，謂斷貪欲、瞋恚、睡眠、掉悔、疑等五蓋法也。修五法者，所謂欲、念、精進、功慧及與一心。悕求上靜，名之為欲。念下地中苦麁及障，念上地中止妙及出，故名為念。懃習定心，名為精進。分別下過，知上勝益，名為巧慧。守意一緣，稱曰一且心。成五法者，所謂覺、觀、喜、樂、一心，廣如後釋。趣向二禪，斷除二法，所謂覺、觀。修習五法，謂欲念等。成就四法，所謂內淨、喜、樂、一心，亦如後解。趣向三禪，斷除一喜。修習五法，謂欲念等。成就五法，謂捨、念、安慧、樂及一心。趣向四禪，斷除一樂。修習五法，謂欲念等，求定要因，故通修之。成就四法，所謂捨念、清淨、不苦不樂、一心。

In the fifth gate, the characteristics of cultivation and fulfillment are explained. As Nāgārjuna says: "Heading toward the first dhyāna, one stays far from five dharmas, severs five dharmas, cultivates five dharmas, and accomplishes five dharmas, entering the stage of the first dhyāna." Staying far from five dharmas means staying far from the five desires of form, sound, smell, taste, and touch. Severing five dharmas means severing the five hindrances of sensual desire, ill will, drowsiness and torpor, restlessness and regret, and doubt. Cultivating five dharmas means desire, mindfulness, vigor, skillful wisdom, and one-pointedness of mind. Aspiring for the superior tranquility is called desire. Being mindful of the suffering, coarseness, and hindrance of the lower stage, and being mindful of the cessation, subtlety, and escape of the higher stage, is called mindfulness. Diligently practicing the mind of samādhi is called vigor. Discerning the faults of the lower and knowing the superior benefits of the higher is called skillful wisdom. Guarding the intention on a single object is called one-pointedness of mind. Accomplishing five dharmas means initial inquiry, investigation, joy, bliss, and one-pointedness of mind, as explained in detail later. Heading toward the second dhyāna, one severs two dharmas: namely, initial inquiry and investigation. One cultivates five dharmas: namely, desire, mindfulness, and the rest. One accomplishes four dharmas: namely, internal clarity, joy, bliss, and one-pointedness of mind, also as explained later. Heading toward the third dhyāna, one severs one dharma: joy. One cultivates five dharmas: namely, desire, mindfulness, and the rest. One accomplishes five dharmas: namely, equanimity, mindfulness, clear comprehension, bliss, and one-pointedness of mind. Heading toward the fourth dhyāna, one severs one dharma: bliss. One cultivates five dharmas: namely, desire, mindfulness, and the rest; because these are essential causes in seeking samādhi, they are cultivated throughout. One accomplishes four dharmas: namely, equanimity and mindfulness, purity, neither-pain-nor-pleasure, and one-pointedness of mind.