大乘義章 13.67

13.67

八法攝摩訶衍，出《地持論》。摩訶衍者是外國語，此名大乘。大乘行廣，八法統收，斯集其中，故名為攝。八名是何？一名為信、二名聞思、三名思慧、四名淨心、五初修慧行、六修慧廣、七修慧果成、八畢竟出離。菩薩種性解行位中，於八解處淨信成就，故名為信。何者八勝？謂三寶功德。諸佛菩薩神通之力，種種因果、真實之義，得義、得方便。種種因果，是世諦法。真實義者，是第一義。言得義者，無上菩提。得方便者，謂諸菩薩所修學道。於此八處，菩薩皆信。言聞慧者，解行之初欲求出道，於出世法具足聽聞。言思慧者，解行之終，於所聞法具足思量。故《地持》云「菩薩解行，聞慧思慧思惟。」言淨心者，初地之始，見無我理，證心清淨，故云淨心。初修慧行者，初地滿心起十大願，修行信等，此即是其修道所收。修道之始，故名為初。修慧廣者，二地已上乃至七地，修道漸增，名修慧廣。修慧果成者，八地已上報行純熟，名修慧果成。畢竟出離者，謂如來地，如來永離一切諸障，名畢竟出。八法攝摩訶衍，辨之略爾。

The eight dharmas that subsume the Mahāyāna are found in the Bodhisattvabhūmi (*Dichilun*). 'Mahāyāna' is a foreign word, translated here as 'Great Vehicle'. The practices of the Great Vehicle are vast, and these eight dharmas comprehensively gather them; since all are collected within them, they are said to 'subsume'. What are the eight names? First is faith; second is hearing [wisdom]; third is reflective wisdom; fourth is pure mind; fifth is initial practice of cultivated wisdom; sixth is vast cultivated wisdom; seventh is fruition of cultivated wisdom; eighth is ultimate transcendence. In the bodhisattva's stage of lineage and stage of resolute action, pure faith in the eight spheres of resolute understanding is perfected, hence it is called 'faith'. What are the eight excellences? They refer to the merits of the Three Jewels, the spiritual powers of the Buddhas and bodhisattvas, various causes and effects, the real meaning, the meaning of attainment, and the expedients of attainment. The various causes and effects are conventional dharmas. The real meaning is the ultimate truth. The 'meaning of attainment' refers to unexcelled bodhi. The 'expedients of attainment' refers to the path studied and cultivated by bodhisattvas. In these eight matters, the bodhisattva places complete faith. 'Wisdom born of hearing' refers to the beginning of resolute action, when desiring to seek the path of transcendence, fully listening to supramundane dharmas. 'Wisdom born of reflection' refers to the culmination of resolute action, fully deliberating upon the dharmas that have been heard. Thus the *Dichilun* says: 'A bodhisattva of resolute action reflects with wisdom born of hearing and wisdom born of reflection.' 'Pure mind' refers to the beginning of the first bhūmi: seeing the principle of non-self and realizing purity of mind, hence called 'pure mind'. 'Initial practice of cultivated wisdom' refers to generating the ten great vows at the culmination of the first bhūmi and practicing faith and so forth; this is subsumed under the path of cultivation. Being the beginning of the path of cultivation, it is called 'initial'. 'Vast cultivated wisdom' refers to the gradual increase of the path of cultivation from the second bhūmi up through the seventh bhūmi, called 'vast cultivated wisdom'. 'Fruition of cultivated wisdom' refers to the ripeness of the practices of retribution from the eighth bhūmi onward, called 'fruition of cultivated wisdom'. 'Ultimate transcendence' refers to the Tathāgata stage; the Tathāgata is forever free from all obstacles, called 'ultimate transcendence'. The eight dharmas that subsume the Mahāyāna are briefly distinguished thus.