大乘義章 15.36

15.36

第一列名并辨其相。十三住義，出《地持論》。行成之處名之為住，又成不退亦名為住。住義開合廣略不定，今據一門且論十三。名字是何？一種性住，所謂習種及與性種，佛建立堅固不壞，名種性住。二解行住，謂解行地，於出世道正觀修行趣入不退，名解行住。三歡喜住，謂淨心地，出世真證，菩提心生堅住不退，自慶所得，名歡喜住。四增上戒住，謂離垢地，淨戒具足微過不犯，名增上戒住。五增上意住，所謂明地，定心殊勝，名增上意住。六菩提分法相應慧住，所謂炎地，觀察三十七道品法，名菩提分相應慧住。七諦相應增上慧住，謂難勝地，善觀四諦相相，名諦相應增上慧住。八緣起相應增上慧住，謂現前地，善能觀察十二緣法，故曰緣起相應慧住。九有行有開發無相住，謂遠行地，有功用行共相開發，名有開發；寂用俱行，離於有無間隔之相，名無相住。十無行無開發無相住，謂不動地，報行純熟，無功用行共相起發，名無行無開；遠離間隔功用之相，名無相住。其第十一名無礙住，謂善慧地，能以四十無礙辨才說法利他，名無礙住。其第十二名最上住，謂法雲地，學行窮滿，故曰最上。其第十三名如來住，果德窮滿，出離清淨，名如來住（此一門竟）。

First, listing the names and distinguishing their aspects. The meaning of the thirteen abodes comes from the Bodhisattvabhūmi. The place where practice is accomplished is called an abode; furthermore, accomplishing non-retrogression is also called an abode. The meaning of an abode, in terms of expansion and contraction, breadth and brevity, is not fixed; here, based on one approach, thirteen are provisionally discussed. What are their names? First, the abode of lineage: this refers to the lineage of habituation and the lineage of nature; being established by the Buddha as solid and indestructible, it is called the abode of lineage. Second, the abode of resolve and conduct: this refers to the stage of resolve and conduct; correctly contemplating and practicing toward the supramundane path and entering non-retrogression, it is called the abode of resolve and conduct. Third, the abode of joy: this refers to the stage of the pure mind; with supramundane true realization, bodhicitta arises firmly and abides without retrogression, rejoicing in what has been attained; it is called the abode of joy. Fourth, the abode of higher morality: this refers to the stage of freedom from defilement; endowed with pure morality without committing even subtle transgressions, it is called the abode of higher morality. Fifth, the abode of higher mind: this refers to the stage of luminosity; meditative mind being supreme, it is called the abode of higher mind. Sixth, the abode of wisdom corresponding to the factors of bodhi: this refers to the stage of radiance; contemplating the thirty-seven factors of the path, it is called the abode of wisdom corresponding to the factors of bodhi. Seventh, the abode of higher wisdom corresponding to the truths: this refers to the stage hard to conquer; skillfully contemplating the aspects of the four truths, it is called the abode of higher wisdom corresponding to the truths. Eighth, the abode of higher wisdom corresponding to dependent origination: this refers to the stage of presence; skillfully able to contemplate the dharma of the twelvefold dependent origination, it is therefore called the abode of wisdom corresponding to dependent origination. Ninth, the signless abode with activity and development: this refers to the far-reaching stage; activities with effort mutually develop, which is called having development; quiescence and function proceed together, free from the marks of separation between existence and non-existence, which is called the signless abode. Tenth, the signless abode without activity and development: this refers to the immovable stage; karmic retribution and practice being fully matured, effortless activities mutually arise, which is called without activity and development; being far removed from the marks of separation and effort, it is called the signless abode. The eleventh is named the unimpeded abode: this refers to the stage of good wisdom; being able to preach the Dharma to benefit others with the four unimpeded eloquences, it is called the unimpeded abode. The twelfth is named the supreme abode: this refers to the stage of the Dharma cloud; learning and practice being exhausted and complete, it is therefore called supreme. The thirteenth is named the Tathāgata abode: the virtues of the fruit being exhausted and complete, completely free and pure, it is called the Tathāgata abode. (This concludes the first portal.)