大乘義章 15.44

15.44

離十四垢業，如《長阿含．善生經》說。名字是何？離四結業，不於四處作諸惡行，離六損財法，是為十四。離四業者，離殺、盜、婬及與妄語，是其四也。身口業道具有七種，以何義故偏防此四？以此四中貪通重罪，故偏說之。又此十四者在家業行，在家之人能防此四。餘口業道不能防禁，故不說離。故論說言「出家之人尚不能離，何況在家。」又綺語等，不應法故，皆妄語攝，故不別論。不於四處作惡行者，愛處、恚處、癡處、怖處，不依此處而起惡行。離六損財者，一不耽酒、二不博戲、三不放蕩、四不迷伎樂、五不惡友相同、六不懈惰。說彼耽酒有六種失，是故須離，一者失財、二者生病、三意鬪諍、四惡名流布、五瞋怒暴生、六智慧目損。博戲之失亦有六種，故應捨離，一財物耗盡、二雖勝生怨、三智者所嘖、四人不敬信、五為人疎外、六喜生智盜竊。放蕩之失亦有六種，是故須離，一不自護身、二不護資財、三不護子孫、四常自驚懼、五諸苦惡法常自纏身、六喜生虛妄。迷於伎樂亦有六失，故須捨離，一者求歌、二者求舞、三求琴瑟、四波內卑、五多羅槃、六首呵那。此後三種，經中不翻，不知是何。惡友相得亦有六種，是故須離，一方便生欺、二好喜屏處、三誘他家人、四圖謀他物、五財利自向、六好發他過。懈惰之失亦有六種，故應捨離，一者富樂不肯作務、二者貧窮不肯懃修、三者寒時不肯懃修、四者熱時不肯懃修、五者時早不肯懃修、六者時晚不肯懃修。是為遠離十四垢業，《地持》所說義當此（矣）。

Abandoning the fourteen defiled deeds is as expounded in the *Śṛṅgāla-sūtra* of the *Dīrghāgama*. What are their names? Abandoning the four binding deeds, not committing evil actions in four states, and abandoning the six dharmas that deplete wealth make fourteen. Abandoning the four deeds means abandoning killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and false speech; these are the four. The courses of bodily and vocal action comprise seven kinds; for what reason are these four singled out for prevention? Because among these [seven], greed pervades these four grave offenses, they are singled out. Furthermore, these fourteen are the actions and practices of laypeople; householders are able to guard against these four. As they cannot restrain the remaining vocal courses of action, abandoning them is not spoken of. Hence the treatise says: 'Even renunciants cannot abandon them, how much less householders.' Moreover, frivolous speech and so forth, not being in accord with the Dharma, are all subsumed under false speech; hence they are not discussed separately. Not committing evil actions in four states means states of desire, states of anger, states of delusion, and states of fear; one does not generate evil actions on the basis of these states. Abandoning the six [dharmas that] deplete wealth means: first, not indulging in alcohol; second, not gambling; third, not being licentious; fourth, not being obsessed with theatrical music; fifth, not associating with bad friends; and sixth, not being indolent. It is said that indulging in alcohol has six faults, therefore it must be abandoned: first, loss of wealth; second, giving rise to illness; third, inclination toward quarrels and strife; fourth, spreading of ill repute; fifth, sudden eruptions of anger; and sixth, injury to the eye of wisdom. Gambling also has six faults, so it should be relinquished: first, exhaustion of wealth; second, giving rise to enmity even if victorious; third, being rebuked by the wise; fourth, people do not respect or trust one; fifth, being shunned and alienated by people; and sixth, propensity to incite theft. Licentiousness also has six faults, therefore it must be abandoned: first, not protecting one's own body; second, not protecting one's property and wealth; third, not protecting one's children and grandchildren; fourth, constant internal anxiety and dread; fifth, all painful and evil conditions constantly entangling one's person; and sixth, propensity to generate falsehood. Obsession with theatrical music also has six faults, so it should be relinquished: first, seeking songs; second, seeking dances; third, seeking lutes and zithers; fourth, *bonēibēi*; fifth, *duōluópán*; sixth, *shǒuhēnà*. These latter three are not translated in the sūtra, and it is unknown what they are. Associating with bad friends also has six [faults], therefore it must be abandoned: first, contriving deceit; second, delighting in hidden places; third, seducing others' families; fourth, plotting to seize others' belongings; fifth, directing wealth and profit to oneself; and sixth, delighting in exposing others' faults. Indolence also has six faults, so it should be relinquished: first, when wealthy and happy, refusing to work; second, when poor, refusing to practice diligently; third, when it is cold, refusing to practice diligently; fourth, when it is hot, refusing to practice diligently; fifth, when it is early, refusing to practice diligently; and sixth, when it is late, refusing to practice diligently. These are the abandonment of the fourteen defiled deeds; what is expounded in the *Bodhisattvabhūmi* corresponds in meaning to this.