大乘義章 3.20

3.20

次就生死辨定諸心。此十心中，二心得生，所謂不善及穢污心，一切受生依煩惱故。五心得死，謂生得善、不善、穢污、報生、威儀、此五心中得命終也。不善命終，唯在欲界。威儀命終，通欲色界。生得、穢污，遍通三界。報心不定。《毘婆沙》中有二種說：一家宣說三禪已還無捨受報。若從是義，三禪已還無有報心而命終者，命終必在捨受心故。一家宣說三禪已還亦有報捨。若從是義，報心命終遍通三界，於中下死向上生者，必在生得、報生、威儀三心中死，若有下地不善、穢污不上生故。若色界死向下生者，必在生得、穢污、報生、威儀心死，一切上地無不善故。若無色死向下生者，必在生得、穢污、報生三心中死，彼無不善、威儀心故。若欲界死欲界生者，五種心中皆得命終。若色界死當地生者，四心命終，除不善心。三禪已還報心有無，義如上判。今且論有，若無色死當地生者，必在生得、穢污、報生三心命終，彼無不善、威儀心故。問：何故方便善心、學無學心、工巧、變化心不得命終？以命終時心微劣故，不得在此強心中死。生死如是。

Next, determining the various minds with respect to birth and death. Among these ten minds, two minds can take rebirth, namely the unwholesome and the defiled minds, because all taking of rebirth relies on affliction. Five minds can undergo death, namely the good [mind] acquired at birth, unwholesome, defiled, retribution-born, and comportment [minds]; one can die within these five minds. Dying in an unwholesome [mind] occurs only in the desire realm. Dying in a comportment [mind] extends to both the desire and form realms. [Dying in a mind] acquired at birth or defiled extends everywhere across the three realms. The retributive mind is not fixed. In the *Vibhāṣā* there are two explanations: One school explains that from the third dhyāna downwards, there is no retributive neutral feeling (upekṣā-vedanā). If following this doctrine, from the third dhyāna downwards there is no dying in a retributive mind, because dying must occur in a mind of neutral feeling. Another school explains that from the third dhyāna downwards there is also retributive neutrality. If following this doctrine, dying in a retributive mind extends everywhere across the three realms. Among them, for one who dies in a lower [realm] and is born upward, death must occur in one of the three minds: acquired at birth, retribution-born, or comportment; for if one has the unwholesome or defiled [minds] of a lower stage, one does not take birth upward. If one dies in the form realm and is born downward, death must occur in an acquired at birth, defiled, retribution-born, or comportment mind, because all higher stages lack the unwholesome. If one dies in the formless realm and is born downward, death must occur in an acquired at birth, defiled, or retribution-born mind, because that realm lacks unwholesome and comportment minds. If one dies in the desire realm and is born into the desire realm, dying can occur in all five kinds of minds. If one dies in the form realm and is born in that very stage, death can occur in four minds, excluding the unwholesome mind. Whether there is a retributive mind from the third dhyāna downwards is judged according to the doctrine above; here, provisionally discussing its presence, if one dies in the formless realm and is born in that very stage, death must occur in one of three minds: acquired at birth, defiled, or retribution-born, because that realm lacks unwholesome and comportment minds. Question: Why can dying not occur in an expedient good mind, minds of the learner and adept, or technical/craft and transformation minds? Because at the time of death the mind is faint and weak, one cannot die in these strong minds. Such are birth and death.