大乘義章 3.6

3.6

言隨教者，教別既殊，明實亦異。毘曇法中說實有二：一者有實，苦集滅道法相實爾；二者空實，陰上無人，未空法體。成實法中說實亦二：一者有實，苦集滅道實是因緣名用假有；二者空實，實無定相，未空因緣。宜明苦中法相實爾名之為實，未說虛假空寂等義。成實法中，辨明苦等實是名用虛假之法，無有定性，故曰為實。據斯返望，前宗所明建立定性，非真實也。若就大乘破相教中，辨實亦二：一者有實，苦集滅道實是妄相虛幻之有；二者空實，實無因緣假名之相，不但無性，相亦叵得。據斯返望，前《成實》中未空幻化因緣法故，不名為實。若就大乘顯實教中，辨實亦二：一空、二有。於中分別，略有二門：一依持門。妄想所取苦集滅道，於情為有，於理實無，名為空實。妄情所依如來藏性，相雖叵見，而實是有，名為有實。故經說為不空藏矣。二緣起門。如來藏性體如一味，名為空實。緣起苦集滅道之用，名為有實。如經中說「自性清淨，不染而染。十二因緣，皆一心作。生死二法是如來藏法界輪轉，名曰法身眾生。」如是等言，是其真實。緣起苦集如來藏性，顯成法身菩提涅槃諸地行德，即是真實緣起滅道。諦實如此，稱之為實。宗別既然，隨宗皆實，故稱為諦。四諦名義，略釋云爾。

Regarding 'according to the teachings', since the teachings differ, their explanations of reality also differ. In the Abhidharma doctrine, two realities are taught: 1. Reality of existence: the characteristics of suffering, origination, cessation, and the path are truly so; 2. Reality of emptiness: the absence of a person upon the aggregates, without yet emptying the essence of dharmas. In the Tattvasiddhi doctrine, two realities are likewise taught: 1. Reality of existence: suffering, origination, cessation, and the path are truly the provisional existence of names and functions in causal conditioning; 2. Reality of emptiness: there is truly no fixed characteristic, without yet emptying causal conditioning. [The Abhidharma] is appropriate for clarifying that the characteristics of dharmas within suffering are truly so, naming this reality, without having taught the meanings of provisionality, emptiness, and tranquility. In the Tattvasiddhi doctrine, it distinguishes and clarifies that suffering and so forth are truly provisional dharmas of nominal function without fixed intrinsic nature, and this is therefore called reality. Looking back from this perspective, establishing a fixed nature as clarified in the preceding school is not real. If considered in terms of the Mahāyāna teaching that refutes marks, distinguishing reality is also twofold: 1. Reality of existence: suffering, origination, cessation, and the path are truly the existence of deluded marks and illusions; 2. Reality of emptiness: there are truly no characteristics of causally conditioned provisional designations; not only is there no intrinsic nature, even marks cannot be found. Looking back from this perspective, because the preceding Tattvasiddhi had not yet emptied the illusory causally conditioned dharmas, it is not named real. If considered in terms of the Mahāyāna teaching that reveals the real, distinguishing reality is also twofold: 1. Emptiness; 2. Existence. Differentiating within this, there are roughly two doors: 1. The door of underlying support: suffering, origination, cessation, and the path grasped by deluded conceptualization are existent to ordinary feeling, but truly non-existent in principle; this is named the reality of emptiness. The nature of the tathāgatagarbha upon which deluded feeling relies cannot be seen in its marks, yet it is truly existent; this is named the reality of existence. Thus the sūtra speaks of it as the non-empty womb (agarbha). 2. The door of dependent origination: the essence of the tathāgatagarbha nature is like a single flavor, named the reality of emptiness. Its function in the dependent origination of suffering, origination, cessation, and the path is named the reality of existence. As stated in the sūtra: 'Self-nature is pure, unsoiled yet soiled. The twelve links of dependent origination are all made by the one mind. The two dharmas of birth and death are the transmigration of the dharmadhātu of the tathāgatagarbha, named the dharmakāya of sentient beings.' Words such as these express its reality. The nature of the tathāgatagarbha that dependently originates suffering and origination, when manifested, accomplishes the dharmakāya, bodhi, nirvāṇa, and the practice and virtues of the various bhūmis, which is precisely the true cessation and path of dependent origination. The truth is real like this, and is called real. Since the schools are distinct in this way, they are all real according to their respective schools, and are therefore called truths. The names and meanings of the four noble truths are thus briefly explained.