大乘義章 4.30

4.30

第三門中就時分別。於中有六：一五世分別、二就三世分別、三就二世分別、四就一世前後分別、五就同時別體分別、六就同時同體分別。言五世者，如《涅槃》說，過去過去立其二支。如彼經說「煩惱因緣生於煩惱，是其一也。業生煩惱，是其二也。」此明過去過去世中煩惱及業，生於其次過去世中無明支也。其次過去建立二支，如彼經說「煩惱生業，是其一也，謂過無明生於行支。業生於苦，是其二也，謂從過行生現五果。」現立四支，如彼經說「苦生煩惱，是其一也。從現五果，生於愛支，煩惱生煩惱，是其二也。從愛生取，煩惱生有，是其三也。從取起有，有緣生苦，是其四也。從現有支，生未來苦。」其次未來，建立三支。如彼經說「業緣生業，是其一也，謂未來世業業相生，如從意業發身口業。業生煩惱，是其二也，謂未來業，起於未來受生煩惱。煩惱生苦，是其三也，謂從未來受生煩惱，生於未來未來生支。」未來未來，唯立一支，如彼經說「苦緣生苦。是其一也，從彼生支起老死等。」唯彼三世十二因緣，生起老死，應是二支。但彼直就能生因緣立十二支，不取所生，故從生支起於老死，唯名一支。五世如是（此一門竟）。

The third gate differentiates according to time. There are six [divisions] within it: first, differentiation according to five periods of time; second, differentiation according to three periods of time; third, differentiation according to two periods of time; fourth, differentiation according to before and after in a single period of time; fifth, differentiation according to distinct entities at the same time; sixth, differentiation according to the same entity at the same time. Regarding the five periods of time, as stated in the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra], two links are established in the past of the past. As that sūtra states: 'Conditions of defilement give rise to defilement: this is the first. Karma gives rise to defilement: this is the second.' This explains that defilement and karma in the past of the past give rise to the link of ignorance in the subsequent past. In the subsequent past, two links are established, as that sūtra states: 'Defilement gives rise to karma: this is the first, meaning past ignorance gives rise to the link of karmic formations. Karma gives rise to suffering: this is the second, meaning from past karmic formations the present five effects arise.' In the present, four links are established, as that sūtra states: 'Suffering gives rise to defilement: this is the first: from the present five effects, the link of craving arises. Defilement gives rise to defilement: this is the second: from craving, grasping arises. Defilement gives rise to existence: this is the third: from grasping, existence arises. The condition of existence gives rise to suffering: this is the fourth: from the present link of existence, future suffering arises.' In the subsequent future, three links are established. As that sūtra states: 'Conditions of karma give rise to karma: this is the first, meaning in the future period karma generates karma mutually, as bodily and vocal karma are initiated from mental karma. Karma gives rise to defilement: this is the second, meaning future karma gives rise to future defilements of taking rebirth. Defilement gives rise to suffering: this is the third, meaning from the future defilements of taking rebirth, the link of birth in the future of the future arises.' In the future of the future, only one link is established, as that sūtra states: 'Conditions of suffering give rise to suffering: this is the first: from that link of birth, old age, death, and the like arise.' In those three periods of time of the twelve links of dependent origination, giving rise to old age and death should properly be two links. However, that [sūtra] straightforwardly establishes the twelve links in terms of the generative causes and conditions, without taking what is generated; therefore, giving rise to old age and death from the link of birth is named only as a single link. The five periods of time are like this. (This completes the first division.)