大乘義章 4.64

4.64

次辨其捨。先有今失，名之為捨。於中具以五門分別：一就時分別，捨時雖眾，今此且就命終以說。二就處分別，處謂三界。三就性分別，善惡無記三性心中，皆得命終，捨彼諸根；不同受，生唯在不善穢污無記。四漸頓分別，一切化生皆頓命終，其猶燈滅。胎卵濕生，有漸有頓。任報自死，漸而不頓。橫緣而死，容有頓者，如斬首等。五明所捨多少不同。於中先就欲界以論。欲界地中，若無記心漸命終者，或捨四根或五或六。無形之人，頓捨四根，所謂身根、意根、命根、捨根。問曰：何故五根之中唯捨身根，不捨餘根？以其身根最後壞故。一形之人，頓捨五根，四根如上，男女根中隨捨一根。二形之人，頓捨六根，四根如上，加男女根。若欲界死生上界者，必捨五根，所謂身根、意、命、捨根、男女根中隨捨何根，二形之人不上生故。下餘門中，類此應知。頓命終者，所捨不定，或捨四五六七八九乃至捨十。相狀如何？或有眾生，於色根中但有二根，所謂身根，餘色根中有一無餘。如是眾生，頓捨五根，謂身、意、命根，餘色根中有者捨之。或有眾生，於色根中但有四根，所謂身根，餘色根中有三無餘。如是眾生頓捨七根，謂身、意、命、捨，餘色根中有者捨之。或有眾生，於色根中具足五根，所謂眼耳鼻舌及身，無男女形。如是眾生頓捨八根，謂眼等五根、意命捨根。一形之人，頓捨九根，八根如上，男女根中隨捨何根。二形之人，頓捨十根，八根如上，加男女根。無記如是。若不善心而命終者，捨根多少，與前相似。若善心中而命終者，如上無記，一一門中皆悉加於信等五根。問曰：捨惡與捨無記有何差別？釋言：有異。無記力劣，為尚有其世斷及剎那斷。言世斷者，隔世則滅，不得成就。剎那斷者，念念盡滅，不得成就。以其世斷、剎那斷故，命終之時即是斷捨。不善力強，對治方斷，非是世斷、剎那斷故，命終之時不現行故名之為捨，非斷滅捨。問曰：捨善與捨不善無記何別？善望前二，互有同異。若欲界死，生上二界，與無記同，即是斷捨。若欲界死，還生欲界，與不善同，但不行故，名之為捨，非令盡滅。欲界如是。色界之中，若無記心而命終者，頓捨八根，眼等五根、意命捨根。若善心中而命終者，頓捨十三，八根如上，加信等根。色界如是。無色界中，若無記心而命終者，頓捨三根，謂意命捨。若善心中而命終者，頓捨八根，三根如上，加信等根（此二門竟）。

Next, discerning their abandonment. That which was previously present and is now lost is called abandonment. Herein, we distinguish it thoroughly by means of five aspects: First, distinguishing according to time: although the times of abandonment are many, here we speak provisionally only with respect to the end of life. Second, distinguishing according to realm: realms refers to the three realms. Third, distinguishing according to nature: within minds of the three natures—wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate—life can always be terminated and those various faculties abandoned; unlike taking rebirth, which occurs solely in unwholesome or defiled indeterminate [minds]. Fourth, distinguishing gradual and instantaneous: all apparitional beings terminate life instantaneously, like the extinguishing of a lamp. Womb, egg, and moisture births have both gradual and instantaneous [death]. Dying naturally by exhaustion of retribution is gradual and not instantaneous. Dying by accidental conditions can admit of being instantaneous, such as decapitation and the like. Fifth, explaining the differences in the number of faculties abandoned. Herein, we first discuss it with respect to the desire realm. In the plane of the desire realm, if one gradually terminates life with an indeterminate mind, one abandons either four, five, or six faculties. A genderless person abandons four faculties all at once: namely, the body faculty, mind faculty, life faculty, and equanimity faculty. Question: Why is it that among the five [sense] faculties, one only abandons the body faculty and not the other faculties? Because the body faculty is destroyed last. A person with one gender abandons five faculties all at once: the four faculties as above, and whichever one of the male or female faculties they abandon. A person with two genders abandons six faculties all at once: the four faculties as above, plus the male and female faculties. If one dies in the desire realm and is born into a higher realm, one necessarily abandons five faculties: namely, the body faculty, mind, life, and equanimity faculties, and whichever one of the male or female faculties they abandon, because persons with two genders do not take birth above. In the remaining sections below, one should understand [them] by analogy to this. For those who terminate life instantaneously, what is abandoned is indefinite: they abandon either four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or even up to ten. What are the particulars? Some sentient beings have only two faculties among the physical faculties: namely, the body faculty, and one of the other physical faculties without the rest. Such sentient beings abandon five faculties all at once: namely, the body, mind, and life faculties, and whichever other physical faculty is present is abandoned. Some sentient beings have only four faculties among the physical faculties: namely, the body faculty, and three of the other physical faculties without the rest. Such sentient beings abandon seven faculties all at once: namely, body, mind, life, and equanimity, and whichever other physical faculties are present are abandoned. Some sentient beings are fully complete with five faculties among the physical faculties: namely, eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body, but without male or female form. Such sentient beings abandon eight faculties all at once: namely, the five faculties of the eye and the rest, and the mind, life, and equanimity faculties. A person with one gender abandons nine faculties all at once: the eight faculties as above, and whichever of the male or female faculties is abandoned. A person with two genders abandons ten faculties all at once: the eight faculties as above, plus the male and female faculties. Indeterminate [minds] are thus. If one terminates life with an unwholesome mind, the number of faculties abandoned is similar to the above. If one terminates life within a wholesome mind, then as in the indeterminate cases above, in each section one adds the five faculties of faith and the rest. Question: What difference is there between abandoning unwholesome and abandoning indeterminate [faculties]? The explanation says: there is a difference. The power of the indeterminate is weak, and it still has severance by lifetime and severance by moment. 'Severance by lifetime' means that it ceases across lifetimes and cannot be possessed. 'Severance by moment' means that it is exhausted and ceases moment by moment, and cannot be possessed. Because of its severance by lifetime and severance by moment, at the time of ending life it is abandoned through cessation. The unwholesome is strong in power, and is only severed by an antidote; because it is not severed by lifetime or severed by moment, at the time of ending life, because it does not actively manifest, it is called abandoned, but it is not abandoned through total cessation. Question: What is the difference between abandoning the wholesome and abandoning the unwholesome or indeterminate? With respect to the preceding two, the wholesome has both similarities and differences. If one dies in the desire realm and is born into the two upper realms, it is identical with the indeterminate, being abandoned through cessation. If one dies in the desire realm and is reborn back into the desire realm, it is identical with the unwholesome: merely because it does not actively operate, it is called abandoned, but it is not completely extinguished. The desire realm is thus. In the form realm, if one terminates life with an indeterminate mind, one abandons eight faculties all at once: the five faculties of the eye and the rest, and the mind, life, and equanimity faculties. If one terminates life within a wholesome mind, one abandons thirteen all at once: the eight faculties as above, plus the faculties of faith and the rest. The form realm is thus. In the formless realm, if one terminates life with an indeterminate mind, one abandons three faculties all at once: namely, mind, life, and equanimity. If one terminates life within a wholesome mind, one abandons eight faculties all at once: the three faculties as above, plus the faculties of faith and the rest. (This completes these two sections.)