大乘義章 5.14

5.14

第一釋名。言三根者，謂貪、瞋、癡。染境名貪，忿怒曰瞋，闇惑名癡。此三乃是思前煩惱，發生思業，故名為根。言三道者，所謂貪瞋及與邪見。貪瞋同前。言邪見者，謬執乖理，目之為邪。邪心推求，說之為見。以何義故，前三根中第三名癡，此三道中說名邪見？《成實》釋言「癡中增上說名邪見。暢思煩惱，必是增上，故說邪見。此三乃是思後煩惱，通暢前思，故名為道。」言三毒者，名同三根，以何義故不同三道乃同三根？三根之中，癡名是寬，故此同之；三道之中，邪見義狹，故此不同。然此三毒，通攝三界一切煩惱，一切煩惱能害眾生，其猶毒蛇亦如毒龍，是故就喻說名為毒。名義如是。

The first section explains the names. "Three roots" refers to greed, anger, and delusion. Defilement regarding objects is called greed; fury is called anger; dark confusion is called delusion. These three are afflictions prior to volition (cetanā) that give rise to karmic volition, and are therefore called roots. "Three pathways" refers to greed, anger, and wrong view. Greed and anger are the same as above. "Wrong view" means that mistaken clinging contrary to principle is termed "wrong," and the searching of a wrong mind is spoken of as "view." For what reason is the third among the former three roots named "delusion," while among these three pathways it is spoken of as "wrong view"? The Tattvasiddhi explains: "What is predominant within delusion is spoken of as wrong view. Afflictions that give expression to volition must be predominant, and are therefore spoken of as wrong view. These three are afflictions subsequent to volition that express and fulfill the preceding volition, and are therefore called pathways." As for the "three poisons," their names are the same as the three roots. For what reason are they not the same as the three pathways, but rather the same as the three roots? Among the three roots, the name "delusion" is broader, and thus this corresponds with it; among the three pathways, the meaning of "wrong view" is narrower, and thus this does not correspond with it. Moreover, these three poisons universally subsume all afflictions of the three realms. All afflictions can harm sentient beings, just like poisonous snakes or poisonous dragons; therefore, based on the simile, they are named "poisons." Such are the names and meanings.