大乘義章 5.61

5.61

五心𭢚義者，如《成實》說，𭢚謂𭢚蘖，疑謗之罪心中發生，如世毒種所生𭢚蘖，故曰心𭢚。𭢚別有五：一者疑佛、二者疑法、三者疑戒、四疑教化法、五讒刺善人。言疑佛者，有人於佛心不正信，作如是念：「為佛大邪？為大師大？」言疑法者，有人於法心不正信，作如是念：「為佛所說經法是邪？為當外道所說是邪？」言疑戒者，有人於戒心不正信，作如是念：「為佛所說戒法是勝？為外道說牛戒等勝？」疑教化者，有人於彼五度門等心不正信，作如是念：「此五度等，實能令人得於涅槃？為當不得？」言讒刺者，有人於彼善比丘所，橫為讒刺，令人輕薄。五中初一違於敬佛，中間三門違於敬法，後之一門違於敬僧。五心𭢚之義，略之云爾。

Regarding the meaning of the five thorns of the mind: as explained in the *Tattvasiddhi*, 'thorns' refers to sprouts of thorns. The faults of doubt and slander arise within the mind just as sprouts of thorns grow from poisonous seeds in the world; hence they are called 'thorns of the mind'. There are five distinct thorns: first, doubting the Buddha; second, doubting the Dharma; third, doubting the precepts; fourth, doubting the teaching; fifth, slandering and maligning good people. 'Doubting the Buddha' means that a person lacks proper faith in their heart regarding the Buddha, thinking thus: 'Is the Buddha great, or is the Great Master great?' 'Doubting the Dharma' means that a person lacks proper faith in their heart regarding the Dharma, thinking thus: 'Is the scriptural Dharma spoken by the Buddha correct, or is what the non-Buddhists say correct?' 'Doubting the precepts' means that a person lacks proper faith in their heart regarding the precepts, thinking thus: 'Is the discipline spoken by the Buddha superior, or are the bovine precepts and so forth spoken by the non-Buddhists superior?' 'Doubting the teaching' means that a person lacks proper faith in their heart regarding the gates of the five deliverances and so forth, thinking thus: 'Can these five deliverances and so on really cause people to attain nirvāṇa, or can they not?' 'Slandering and maligning' means that a person recklessly slanders and stabs at good monks, causing people to treat them with contempt. Among these five, the first goes against respect for the Buddha; the middle three gates go against respect for the Dharma; the last one goes against respect for the Saṅgha. The meaning of the five thorns of the mind is briefly stated thus.