大乘義章 7.32

7.32

第一釋名。四業之義，眾經通說。名字是何？一黑黑業、二白白業、三黑白業、四不黑不白業。言黑黑者，是不善業。不善鄙穢，名之為黑，因果俱黑，名黑黑業。言白白者，是其善業。善法鮮淨，名之為白，因果俱白，名白白業。言黑白者，是其雜業。善惡交參，名黑白業。所言不黑不白業者，是無漏業。如《涅槃》云「無漏寂靜，離黑白相，是故名為不黑不白。」問曰：無漏白中最勝，以何義故名為不白？《成實》釋言「一切世人重有漏善，故名彼善以之為白。無漏捨彼，故名不白。又得涅槃寂靜之果，離於白相，從其所得，故云不白。又無漏業，白中最勝，過於餘白，故云不白。如轉輪王，體實是人，以殊勝故，世間咸言轉輪聖王清淨過人。無漏亦爾，故云不白。」龍樹釋云「是無漏業，與空無相無作相應，離分別相，是故名為不黑不白。又有漏業黑白相待，無漏離待，故名不黑不白業也。」名字如是（此一門竟）。

First, explaining the names. The meaning of the four karmas is generally taught across the sūtras. What are their names? First, black-black karma; second, white-white karma; third, black-white karma; fourth, neither-black-nor-white karma. As for 'black-black', this is unwholesome karma. The unwholesome is vile and filthy, so it is called black; both cause and effect are black, so it is called black-black karma. As for 'white-white', this is wholesome karma. Wholesome dharmas are pure and clean, so they are called white; both cause and effect are white, so it is called white-white karma. As for 'black-white', this is mixed karma. Wholesome and unwholesome are intermingled, so it is called black-white karma. What is called 'neither-black-nor-white karma' is untainted karma. As the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra] says: 'The untainted is quiescent and free from the marks of black and white; therefore it is called neither black nor white.' Question: The untainted is the most supreme among the white; for what reason is it called not white? The Tattvasiddhi explains: 'All worldly people value sāsrava wholesome [deeds], and therefore refer to that wholesomeness as white. The untainted abandons that, and hence is called not white. Moreover, one attains the quiescent fruit of nirvāṇa, which is free from the mark of white; in terms of what is attained, it is therefore called not white. Furthermore, untainted karma is the most supreme among the white, surpassing other white [dharmas]; hence it is called not white. Just as a wheel-turning king is substantially a human being, yet because he is extraordinary, the world all says the holy wheel-turning king is pure beyond human beings. The untainted is also like this; hence it is called not white.' Nāgārjuna explains: 'This untainted karma corresponds with emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness, and is free from conceptual marks; therefore it is called neither black nor white. Moreover, sāsrava karma is mutually relative as black and white; the untainted is free from relativity, and therefore is called neither-black-nor-white karma.' The names are like this (this concludes the first section).