大乘義章 7.45

7.45

第一門中釋名辨相。不善律儀，無作惡也。惡法違損，稱曰不善。禁制之法，名之為律，律猶法也。惡行順法，稱之為儀。問曰：惡法何所禁乎？釋言：禁善通名禁矣。律儀不同，一門說七，謂殺、盜、婬、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語。相狀如何？如論中說「殺律儀者，屠牛屠羊屠犬、獵師司獵魁膾守獄、養猪養鷄、捕魚捕鳥、呪龍等事。如是一切，是殺律儀。」問曰：養猪養鷄等事皆非是殺，云何名為殺生律儀？養皆為殺，故入殺中。盜律儀者，謂常作賊以活命等。婬律儀者，如論中說「非道行婬及婬女等。」妄語律儀，論言「所謂常習歌戲及俳兒等。」兩舌律儀，謂喜讒謗，讀誦讒盡遘合國事，如是等也。惡口律儀，論言「獄卒及常惡口自活命等。」綺語律儀，謂常合集不正言辭，令人笑等（此一門竟）。

The first section explains the names and distinguishes the characteristics. Bad restraint is unmanifest evil. Evil dharmas contravene and harm; hence they are called "bad." Rules of prohibition are called "restraint"; restraint is like law. When evil conduct accords with such a standard, it is called "comportment." Question: What does an evil dharma prohibit? Explanation: Prohibiting goodness is generally termed "prohibition." Restraints are not uniform; one category explains seven: namely, killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and frivolous speech. What are their characteristics? As the treatise says: "Restraint of killing refers to slaughtering cattle, slaughtering sheep, slaughtering dogs, hunters, hunting officials, executioners, jailers, raising pigs, raising chickens, catching fish, catching birds, charming dragons, and the like. All such matters are the restraint of killing." Question: Raising pigs, raising chickens, and the like are not themselves killing; why are they called the restraint of killing living beings? Raising is entirely for killing; therefore it falls under killing. Restraint of stealing refers to constantly acting as a thief to make a living, and the like. Restraint of sexual misconduct, as the treatise says, refers to: "engaging in sexual misconduct through unnatural channels, prostitutes, and the like." Restraint of false speech: the treatise says, "namely, regularly practicing singing, plays, actors, and the like." Restraint of divisive speech refers to being fond of slander, reciting slanders to meddle in affairs of state, and the like. Restraint of harsh speech: the treatise says, "jailers, and those who regularly use harsh speech to sustain their livelihood, and the like." Restraint of frivolous speech refers to regularly composing improper words to make people laugh, and the like. (This concludes the first section.)