大乘義章 7.65

7.65

十四垢業，出《長阿含．善生經》中。何者十四？如彼中說：有四結業，即以為四。依於四處作諸惡行，復以為四，通前為八。六損財業，通前十四。四結業者，謂殺、盜、婬及與妄語。問曰：何故不說兩舌、惡口、綺語？以在家者不能離故，所以不說。言四處者，所謂愛、恚、怖、癡處也。此之四種，起業所依，故云四處。六損財者，一是耽酒、二是博戲、三是放蕩、四迷妓樂、五惡友相得、六是懈惰。飲酒之過，有其六失：一者失財、二者生病、三者鬪諍、四惡名流布、五瞋怒暴生、六智慧目損。博戲之過亦有六失：一財物耗減、二雖勝生怨、三智者所嘖、四人不敬信、五為人疎外、六生盜竊心。放蕩之過亦有六失：一不自護身、二不護財貨、三不護子孫、四常自驚懼、五諸苦惡法常自纏身、六憙生虛妄。迷於妓樂亦有六失：一者求歌、二者求舞、三求琴瑟、四波內早、五多羅槃、六首呵那。此後三門，胡語不翻，不知是何。惡友相得亦有六失：一方便欺誑、二好憙屏處、三誘他家人、四圖謀他物、五財利自向、六好發他過。懈惰之過亦有六失：一者富樂不肯作務、二者貧窮不肯懃修、三者寒時不肯懃修、四者熱時不肯懃修、五者時早不肯懃修、六者時晚不肯懃修。十四垢業，辨之麁爾。

The fourteen defiled actions are found in the *Sūtra to Sujāta* (*Singālovāda Sūtra*) in the *Dīrgha Āgama*. Which are the fourteen? As stated therein: there are four actions of fettering, which constitute four. Engaging in various evil deeds based on four grounds constitutes another four, making eight together with the preceding. Six actions that squander wealth make fourteen together with the preceding. As for the four actions of fettering, they are: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and false speech. Question: Why are divisive speech, harsh speech, and frivolous speech not mentioned? Because householders cannot stay free of them, they are therefore not mentioned. As for the four grounds, they are the grounds of desire, anger, fear, and delusion. These four are what the arising of action relies upon; therefore they are called the 'four grounds.' As for the six [actions] that squander wealth: first is indulging in liquor; second is gambling; third is dissoluteness; fourth is infatuation with music and performance; fifth is associating with bad companions; sixth is indolence. The fault of drinking liquor has six losses: first, loss of wealth; second, giving rise to illness; third, quarrels and disputation; fourth, the spread of a bad reputation; fifth, the violent arising of wrath; sixth, damage to the eye of wisdom. The fault of gambling also has six losses: first, depletion of wealth and goods; second, engendering resentment even if one wins; third, being reproached by the wise; fourth, people neither respecting nor trusting [one]; fifth, being alienated by others; sixth, giving rise to an intent to steal. The fault of dissoluteness also has six losses: first, not protecting one's own body; second, not protecting wealth and goods; third, not protecting children and grandchildren; fourth, constantly feeling alarm and fear; fifth, various painful and evil conditions constantly entangling one's person; sixth, readily giving rise to falsity. Infatuation with music and performance also has six losses: first, seeking songs; second, seeking dances; third, seeking lutes and zithers; fourth, *boneizao*; fifth, *duoluopan*; sixth, *shouhena*. These latter three categories are untranslated Central Asian words, and it is unknown what they are. Associating with bad companions also has six losses: first, deceiving by expedients; second, delighting in secluded places; third, luring away another's family members; fourth, plotting to seize another's goods; fifth, directing profits to oneself; sixth, delighting in exposing others' faults. The fault of indolence also has six losses: first, being unwilling to work when affluent and happy; second, being unwilling to strive diligently when poor; third, being unwilling to strive diligently when cold; fourth, being unwilling to strive diligently when hot; fifth, being unwilling to strive diligently when it is early; sixth, being unwilling to strive diligently when it is late. The fourteen defiled actions are thus roughly explained.