三論玄義 1.21

1.21

次明四論用假不同門。一切諸法雖並是假，領其要用，凡有四門：一因緣假、二隨緣假、三對緣假、四就緣假也。一因緣假者，如空有二諦，有不自有，因空故有；空不自空，因有故空，故空有是因緣假義也。二隨緣假者，如隨三乘根性說三乘教門也。三對緣假者，如對治常說於無常，對治無常是故說常。四就緣假者，外人執有諸法，諸佛菩薩就彼推求檢竟不得，名就緣假。此四假總收十二部經八萬法藏。然四論具用四假，但《智度論》多用因緣假，以釋經立義門故。《中論》、《十二門》多用就緣假，《百論》多用對緣假。

Next is the section clarifying the different uses of designation among the four treatises. Although all dharmas are designations, when grasping their essential applications there are four gates in all: 1. designation by causes and conditions, 2. designation in accordance with conditions, 3. designation in opposition to conditions, and 4. designation by taking up conditions. First, designation by causes and conditions: as in the two truths of emptiness and existence, existence does not exist of itself, but exists because of emptiness; emptiness is not empty of itself, but is empty because of existence. Therefore emptiness and existence have the meaning of designation by causes and conditions. Second, designation in accordance with conditions: as in speaking the teaching gates of the three vehicles in accordance with the faculties and dispositions of the three vehicles. Third, designation in opposition to conditions: as in speaking of impermanence as an antidote to permanence, and speaking of permanence as an antidote to impermanence. Fourth, designation by taking up conditions: outsiders cling to the existence of dharmas, and the Buddhas and bodhisattvas, taking them up, investigate and examine them thoroughly without finding anything; this is called designation by taking up conditions. These four designations comprehensively encompass the twelve divisions of scriptures and the eighty thousand treasuries of Dharma. However, while the four treatises fully employ all four designations, the Da zhidu lun mostly employs designation by causes and conditions, because it explains the sūtra and establishes doctrinal gates. The Madhyamakaśāstra and Dvādaśamukhaśāstra mostly employ designation by taking up conditions, and the Śataśāstra mostly employs designation in opposition to conditions.