二諦義 1.22

1.22

次釋說法。然說法凡有三種：或具說二諦、或但說第一義諦不說世諦、或但說世諦不說第一義諦。此三種竝出經論。《大智論》釋〈往生品〉云「問曰：前〈習應品〉明菩薩習應波若，不見菩薩、不見波若，無菩薩、無波若。今何意復說有菩薩往生來生耶？答曰：前明無菩薩無波若者，就第一義諦門說波若。今說菩薩往生者，就世諦門說波若。」此就二諦說波若也。又《涅槃經》云「善男子！莫入甚深空定。何以故？大眾鈍故，當以世諦而解說之。」此亦就二諦說涅槃不聞聞義。前云「莫入甚深空定，大眾鈍故」，即是就第一義諦門說；「當以世諦而解說之」，此即是就世諦門說也。《大智論》云「欲說第一義悉檀故，說波若波羅蜜經」，此即但說第一義諦。又《大經》云「與彌勒共論世諦，五百聲聞不覺不知」，此即但說世諦。雖復三種不同，如來所說不出二諦也。

Next is the explanation of "expounding the Dharma." Expounding the Dharma broadly consists of three modes: either expounding both of the two truths in full, or expounding only the ultimate truth without expounding the conventional truth, or expounding only the conventional truth without expounding the ultimate truth. All three modes are found in the sūtras and treatises. The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa, in commenting on the "Chapter on Rebirth," states: "Question: In the preceding 'Chapter on Conforming Practice,' it was explained that when a bodhisattva conforms to prajñā in practice, they see neither bodhisattva nor prajñā; there is neither bodhisattva nor prajñā. For what reason is it now said again that there are bodhisattvas who depart for rebirth and come to rebirth? Answer: What was explained previously about there being neither bodhisattva nor prajñā was expounding prajñā in terms of the approach of ultimate truth. What is now said about bodhisattvas departing for rebirth is expounding prajñā in terms of the approach of conventional truth." This is expounding prajñā with reference to the two truths. Furthermore, the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra states: "Good sons, do not enter the profound samādhi of emptiness! Why? Because the great assembly is dull; one must explain it by means of conventional truth." This is also expounding the meaning of hearing the unhearable in nirvāṇa with reference to the two truths. The earlier statement, "Do not enter the profound samādhi of emptiness, because the great assembly is dull," is expounding in terms of the approach of ultimate truth; "one must explain it by means of conventional truth" is expounding in terms of the approach of conventional truth. The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: "Because of desiring to expound the ultimate-meaning siddhānta, [the Buddha] expounded the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra." This is expounding only the ultimate truth. Furthermore, the Great Sūtra [Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra] states: "When discussing conventional truth with Maitreya, five hundred śrāvakas were unaware and uncomprehending." This is expounding only conventional truth. Although these three modes are different, what the Tathāgata expounds does not go beyond the two truths.