二諦義 2.6

2.6

問二於諦名是佛說，名從佛起；空有二諦從何起耶？解云：只空有二諦，諸佛出世故有，佛未出世則無。縮長為短釋。佛未出世時，雖言空有，不知空有是二諦。如佛未出之時，亦有苦集滅道等名，而不知苦集滅道是諦。由佛出世故，說苦集滅道四諦，故經云「甘露門初開」也。空有亦爾，由佛出世，詺空有為二諦，故云空有佛出世始名二諦也。次更長釋者，佛出世、佛未出世，空有竝由佛得知。所以《成論》云「劫初物未有名，聖人為受用故，為物立名，如瓶衣等。空有亦爾，佛未出世時，聖人為空有立名。」若爾，佛出世、佛未出世，空有名竝由佛有也。次問：於諦名如此。於諦從何而起耶？解云：於諦有兩種，一兩情二於諦、二情智二於諦。兩情二於諦可解。何者？兩情二於諦，從佛教起。明佛為眾生說二諦教，眾生不了，作空有兩解，成兩於諦，此於從教起也。

Question: The names of the two truths from perspective are the Buddha's teaching, and the names arise from the Buddha; from where do the two truths of emptiness and existence arise? Explanation: The two truths of emptiness and existence exist precisely because the Buddhas appear in the world; when Buddhas have not appeared in the world, they do not exist. To explain by contracting the long into the short: when the Buddha had not yet appeared in the world, although one spoke of emptiness and existence, one did not know that emptiness and existence are the two truths. Just as before the Buddha appeared in the world, there were also names such as suffering, origin, cessation, and path, yet it was not known that suffering, origin, cessation, and path are truths. Because the Buddha appeared in the world, he expounded the four truths of suffering, origin, cessation, and path; therefore the sūtra says 'the gate of ambrosia was first opened.' Emptiness and existence are also like this: because the Buddha appeared in the world, he designated emptiness and existence as the two truths; hence it is said that only when the Buddha appears in the world are emptiness and existence named the two truths. Next, to explain more extensively: whether the Buddha appears in the world or has not appeared in the world, emptiness and existence are both known through the Buddha. Therefore the Tattvasiddhi-śāstra says: 'At the beginning of the kalpa, things did not yet have names; for the sake of utility, noble ones established names for things, such as vase, clothing, and so forth. Emptiness and existence are also like this: when the Buddha had not yet appeared in the world, noble ones established names for emptiness and existence.' If so, whether the Buddha appears in the world or has not appeared in the world, the names of emptiness and existence both exist through the Buddha. Next question: The names of the truths from perspective are like this. From where does the truth from perspective arise? Explanation: There are two kinds of truths from perspective: first, the two truths from perspective of two conceptions; second, the two truths from perspective of conception and cognition. The two truths from perspective of two conceptions can be understood. Why? The two truths from perspective of two conceptions arise from the Buddha's teaching. It explains that the Buddha expounds the teaching of the two truths for sentient beings, but sentient beings do not understand and form two understandings of emptiness and existence, constituting the two truths from perspective; this 'perspective' arises from teaching.