大乘法苑義林章 4.5

4.5

二釋名差別者，依俗釋云：稽者至也，首者頭也，以首至地故名稽首。此即跪拜頭至地故，即《俱舍》云「稽首接足故言敬禮。」屈已所尊之首，接彼所卑之足，故言稽首。《俱舍》意以身業稽首之別名禮，即是三業敬禮之通稱。《雜心》亦爾，舉體敬禮，亦稽首故。言叩頭者，以手至首，故言叩頭。言敬禮者，虔恭曰敬，軌儀稱禮。諦發殷誠，屈儀褒讚，申虔恭之道，標敬禮之名。又起殷淨心、策殊勝業，申誠歸仰，故名敬禮，即通三業。諸教或云稽首者，藉身業之稽首，申三業之敬禮。體唯一物，未可依俗。古云南牟，即是敬禮。應言納慕或納莫，故不別釋。歸依者，歸敬依投之義，非此所明。若云伴談，或云伴題，此云稽首，亦云禮拜，亦非敬禮，訛名和南。

Second, explaining the various names: Explaining according to worldly convention: ji means reaching; shou means head; bringing the head to the ground is therefore called jishou (kowtow). This means kneeling and bowing with the head reaching the ground; hence the Abhidharmakośa states: 'Kowtowing and touching the feet, hence it is called paying homage.' Bending one's own honored head to touch the other's lowly feet is called jishou. The Kośa's intention is to take jishou, which is a specific name for bodily action, as homage (lǐ), which is the general name for homage in the three karmas. The Saṃyuktābhidharmahṛdaya is also like this: paying homage with the whole body is also jishou. As for koutou, bringing the hands to the head is therefore called koutou. As for jingli (paying homage): reverence is called jing; ritual decorum is called li. Truly giving rise to earnest sincerity and bending in deportment with praise, one expresses the way of reverence and marks the name of paying homage. Moreover, arousing an earnest and pure mind and spurring superior karma, one expresses sincerity and reverent refuge; hence it is called paying homage, which pervades the three karmas. When various teachings say jishou, by means of the bodily action of jishou they express the paying of homage across the three karmas. Its essence is just one thing; one should not merely rely on worldly convention. The ancients said nanmu, which is precisely paying homage. It should be pronounced nāmò or nàmò, so it is not separately explained. As for guīyī (taking refuge), it means turning to in reverence and relying on for refuge, which is not what is being clarified here. If one says bàntán or bàntí, here it means jishou (kowtowing), and also means lǐbài (prostrating); it is also not jingli; it is erroneously named hénán (vandanā).