大乘入道次第 1.57

1.57

Next is the explanation of severing the hindrances. This is divided into two parts: first, explaining the two hindrances; second, distinguishing the stages of their severance. The first part has four sub-sections: 1. explaining the general names of the two hindrances, 2. listing and specifically explaining them, 3. differentiating them according to consciousness, 4. revealing innate and discriminative [forms]. Regarding the affliction hindrance (kleśāvaraṇa): fán means to agitate; nǎo means to disorder. They agitate and disorder sentient beings, preventing them from escaping the ocean of suffering of saṃsāra; hence they are named afflictions. "Hindrance" (āvaraṇa) means to cover, to conceal. These very afflictions cover and conceal nirvāṇa so that liberation cannot be attained; hence they are named the affliction hindrance. Second, regarding the hindrance to the knowable (jñeyāvaraṇa): all dharmas—tainted and untainted, conditioned and unconditioned—are the objective sphere that should be known. Because the hindrance obstructs those knowable objective spheres, impeding the cognizing mind and causing the mind not to understand the objective spheres, it is named the hindrance to the knowable. In fact, both hindrances obstruct both fruits; speaking specifically, the former obstructs nirvāṇa, and the latter obstructs bodhi.