八識規矩補註 2.49

2.49

In the Western regions there are six types of semantic analysis: first, tatpuruṣa; second, karmadhāraya; third, bahuvrīhi; fourth, dvandva; fifth, dvigu; sixth, compound by proximity. Because these six types have separate and combined forms, each possesses two aspects. A single-character word cannot be [analyzed by] the six [compounds], because it cannot form the aspects of separation and combination. First, tatpuruṣa means that the support is primary. As when saying "eye-consciousness": the consciousness arises based on the eye, namely the consciousness of the eye; hence it is called "eye-consciousness." Citing the primary support of the eye to indicate the consciousness is also called an "依士 (dependent)" compound. This is partially taking another's name. As in the name "color-consciousness": just as a son takes his father's name, it is called tatpuruṣa; when a father takes his son's name, it is called dependent, because that which is relied upon is inferior. As for the aspects of separation and combination: separation means that the eye is the faculty and the consciousness is discernment; combination means that these two combine into the name "eye-consciousness." The other five separations and combinations should be known accordingly. Karmadhāraya: as when saying "storehouse consciousness": consciousness is the essence and storehouse is the karmic function; the function can reveal the essence, and the essence can sustain the function; since the storehouse is the consciousness, it is called "storehouse consciousness." Hence it is called karmadhāraya, also called a compound of identical locus; "storehouse" takes the function of containing, and "consciousness" takes the function of discerning. Because these two share the same locus, they are called "identical locus." Bahuvrīhi means obtaining a name from what one possesses. First, as in "Buddha," translated here as "awakened one": one who possesses awakening is called the awakened one; this is partially taking another's name. Second, as in the Kośa not being the storehouse of Abhidharma; "storehouse of Abhidharma" is the name of the root treatise, and because it was composed relying on the root Abhidharmakośa, this work is also called Abhidharmakośabhāṣya; this is entirely taking another's name, which is also a bahuvrīhi compound. Dvandva: as when saying "eyes and ears," etc., where each separate referent is independently primary and they do not follow one another; hence it is called dvandva. Because of having the two words "and" or "with," it is not the meaning of the first two compounds, but can overlap with dvigu and bahuvrīhi. Dvigu: using a number to express meaning, which overlaps with three compound types. As in "five aggregates," "two truths," etc.: five is the aggregates, and two is the truths. Using itself as the name is a karmadhāraya dvigu. As in the six consciousnesses such as the eye [consciousness], taking itself and another as the name is a tatpuruṣa dvigu. As when speaking of the five heinous crimes as the five avīci, avīci is the result; speaking of the cause through the result is entirely taking another's name, which is a bahuvrīhi dvigu. Compound by proximity: named from what is near. As in the four foundations of mindfulness, whose essence is wisdom; because wisdom is near mindfulness, they are called foundations of mindfulness. Since it is by proximity, it is not using itself as the name, so there is no karmadhāraya; its meaning overlaps with the other two compounds. First, tatpuruṣa by proximity: like someone living near Chang'an; when asked, "Where do you live?" he replies, "I live in Chang'an." This person is not Chang'an, but because he is near Chang'an he says he lives in Chang'an; because it partially takes another's name, it is a tatpuruṣa by proximity. Second, bahuvrīhi by proximity: as when asked, "Where are you from?" he replies, "Chang'an." Entirely taking another place to mark the person's name is bahuvrīhi; because it is near Chang'an, it is also called proximity. The verse says: "Using oneself and using another, / using both oneself and another, / applying to two and applying to three kinds: / such are the six types of compound analysis."