華嚴一乘教義分齊章 2.46

2.46

第四、修行時分者，若依小乘，自有三人：下根者，謂諸聲聞中極疾三生得阿羅漢果，謂於一生種解脫分、第二生隨順決擇分、第三生漏盡得果，極遲經六十劫。中根者，謂獨覺人，極疾四生得果，極遲經百劫。上根者，謂佛，定滿三僧祇劫。此中劫數，取水火等一劫為一數；十箇合一為第二數；如是展轉至第六十，為一阿僧祇。依此以數三阿僧祇也。問：「何故下根返經時少，而上根等乃多時耶？」答：「能於多時修鍊根行等以為難故，是故多也。」又依《婆沙》等，菩薩成佛有二身：一法身、二生身。法身者，謂戒定慧等五分，修此法身具有四時：一、三阿僧祇劫修有漏四波羅蜜時；二、於百劫修相好業時；三、出家苦行修禪定時；四、菩提樹下成正覺時。生身者，但百劫修相好業，於最後身，伽耶城淨飯王家受生報身，於摩伽陀國而登覺道。餘如彼說。

Fourth, regarding the temporal duration of practice: according to the Hīnayāna, there are naturally three types of persons. Those of inferior faculties refer to those among the śrāvakas who at the fastest attain the fruit of an arhat in three lives: in one life planting the aids to liberation, in the second life conforming to the aids to penetration, and in the third life exhausting taints and attaining the fruit; at the slowest it takes sixty kalpas. Those of middling faculties refer to pratyekabuddhas, who at the fastest attain the fruit in four lives and at the slowest take one hundred kalpas. Those of superior faculties refer to the Buddha, who definitely completes three asaṃkhyeya-kalpas. Regarding the number of kalpas here: taking one kalpa of fire, water, and so forth as the first number; combining ten into one as the second number; progressing in this way up to the sixtieth makes one asaṃkhyeya. Based on this, three asaṃkhyeyas are counted. Question: 'Why do those of inferior faculties take less time, whereas those of superior faculties take more time?' Answer: 'Because being able to cultivate and refine faculties and practices over a long time is regarded as difficult, it is therefore longer.' Furthermore, according to the *Vibhāṣā* and others, a bodhisattva attaining buddhahood has two bodies: first, the Dharma-body; second, the birth-body. The Dharma-body refers to the five aggregates of morality, concentration, wisdom, and so forth; cultivating this Dharma-body fully comprises four periods: first, the period of cultivating the four mundane pāramitās for three asaṃkhyeya-kalpas; second, the period of cultivating the karma of the major marks and minor characteristics for one hundred kalpas; third, the period of leaving the household, practicing austerities, and cultivating dhyāna-concentration; fourth, the period of attaining correct awakening under the bodhi tree. As for the birth-body, one only cultivates the karma of the major marks and minor characteristics for one hundred kalpas, and in the final life receives a karmic recompense body in the house of King Śuddhodana in the city of Gayā, ascending the path of awakening in the country of Magadha. The rest is as explained there.