華嚴五十要問答 1.62

1.62

問：諸教涅槃差別云何？答：小乘涅槃有其二種，謂有餘、無餘。有餘者，有餘身智也。無餘者，無餘身智也，謂報身智。三乘涅槃略有四種：一性淨涅槃、二方便淨涅槃、三有餘涅槃、四無餘涅槃。性淨即法身也，方便淨即應身也，有餘無餘即約化身。辨其義體相，不與小乘同，若望其德，各成解脫、般若、法身，三德既同，無有增減。此四唯局果德。無住處涅槃，通因及果。此有二種，約理量分二，釋如《攝論》。若一乘教，即唯有一大般涅槃，無有差別，廣說如《華嚴經》。德用名數亦具十及一切，與法界等。

Question: How do the nirvāṇas of the various teachings differ? Answer: The nirvāṇa of the Hīnayāna is of two kinds: [nirvāṇa] with remainder and [nirvāṇa] without remainder. With remainder means there is remaining body and wisdom. Without remainder means there is no remaining body and wisdom—meaning the karmically retributive body and wisdom. The nirvāṇa of the triyāna is broadly of four kinds: 1. nirvāṇa pure by nature; 2. nirvāṇa purified by expedient means; 3. nirvāṇa with remainder; 4. nirvāṇa without remainder. Pure by nature is the dharmakāya; purified by expedient means is the nirmāṇakāya; with remainder and without remainder are framed in terms of the transformation body (nirmāṇakāya). In discerning their fundamental essence and characteristics, they are not the same as those of the Hīnayāna. If considered from their virtues, each constitutes liberation, prajñā, and the dharmakāya; since the three virtues are the same, there is neither increase nor decrease. These four are restricted only to the virtues of the fruit. Non-abiding nirvāṇa extends to both cause and fruit. This has two types, divided into two in terms of principle and measure, explained as in the Mahāyānasaṃgraha. If according to the Ekayāna teaching, there is only one Mahāparinirvāṇa, without any distinctions, as expounded at length in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra. The names and numbers of its virtues and functions are fully endowed with ten and all, coextensive with the dharmadhātu.