華嚴五十要問答 2.38

2.38

問：帝王行幾教，令王得證一乘佛法？答：《正法念經》為王等說三十七法。一者軍眾一切淨潔；二者依法賦稅受取；三者恒常懷忍不怒；四者平直斷事不偏；五者恒常供養尊長；六者順舊依前而興；七者布施心不慳悋；八者不攝非法行者；九者不近不善知識；十者貞謹不屬婦女；第十一者聞諸語言不信一切；第十二者愛善名不貪財物；第十三者捨離邪見；第十四者恒常惠施；第十五者愛語美說；第十六者如實語說；第十七者於諸臣眾若無因緣不舉不下；第十八者知人好惡；第十九者常定一時數見眾人；第二十者不多睡臥；二十一者當不懈怠；二十二者善友堅固；二十三者不近一切無益之友；二十四者瞋喜不動；二十五者不食飲食；二十六者心善思惟；二十七者不待後時安詳而作；二十八者法利世間；二十九者恒常修行十善業道；三十者信於因緣；三十一者常供養天；三十二者正護國土；三十三者正護妻子；三十四者常修習智；三十五者不樂境界；三十六者不令惡人住其國內；三十七者於一切民若祿若位依前法與人。

Question: How many teachings must a sovereign ruler practice to enable the king to realize the Ekayāna Buddhadharma? Answer: The *Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna-sūtra* explains thirty-seven dharmas for kings and others: first, the military forces must all be pure and upright; second, levies and taxes must be collected according to the law; third, always harboring forbearance and not becoming angry; fourth, judging affairs justly and without partiality; fifth, always making offerings to seniors and elders; sixth, conforming to established customs and prospering by relying on what came before; seventh, practicing giving without a stingy mind; eighth, not harboring those who act contrary to the Dharma; ninth, not associating with bad companions; tenth, being chaste and prudent, not subservient to women; eleventh, not believing all words heard; twelfth, cherishing a good reputation and not coveting wealth; thirteenth, abandoning false views; fourteenth, constantly bestowing charity; fifteenth, using affectionate speech and pleasant words; sixteenth, speaking truthful words; seventeenth, not promoting or demoting officials without cause; eighteenth, discerning good and bad in people; nineteenth, regularly setting aside a specific time to frequently grant audience to the multitude; twentieth, not sleeping excessively; twenty-first, not being negligent; twenty-second, being steadfast with good friends; twenty-third, not associating with any unbeneficial friends; twenty-fourth, remaining unmoved by anger or joy; twenty-fifth, not [over]indulging in food and drink; twenty-sixth, contemplating well with the mind; twenty-seventh, acting with calm deliberation without delaying until later; twenty-eighth, benefiting the world with the Dharma; twenty-ninth, constantly practicing the path of the ten wholesome actions; thirtieth, having faith in causes and conditions; thirty-first, constantly making offerings to the devas; thirty-second, properly protecting the realm; thirty-third, properly protecting wife and children; thirty-fourth, constantly cultivating wisdom; thirty-fifth, not taking pleasure in sensory realms; thirty-sixth, not permitting wicked people to dwell within the borders; thirty-seventh, granting stipends or ranks to all subjects according to previous law.