華嚴經明法品內立三寶章 1.15

1.15

後別名者，佛陀，此云覺者，覺有二種：一是覺悟義，謂理智照真故；二是覺察義，謂量智鑒俗故。又覺察煩惱賊故、從無明睡覺故、自覺覺他覺行窮滿故也。者是假人，即有覺之者名為覺者，有財釋也。達摩，此云法，法有三義：一、自體名法，如說諸法離他性，各自住己性，即離分別也；二、對意名法，如法處、法界等；三、軌則名法，法有軌範開生物解故也。此中正取後一，兼明前二也。僧伽，此云和合眾，此有二義：一、理和，謂見諦理時，心雖各異，所證理同故；二、事和，謂四人已上，人雖各別，同秉成一羯磨事，故名事和。是則佛是覺照義，僧是和合義，法是軌範義，皆從義用立名也。又《智論》云「僧伽，秦言眾多比丘共一處和合，是名僧伽。」

Next, the specific names: Buddha (fotuo) is translated here as "Awakened One". Awakening has two kinds: first is the meaning of awakening [to reality], which means the wisdom of principle illuminates truth; second is the meaning of awareness [of phenomena], which means the wisdom of quantitative knowledge inspects the conventional. Furthermore, it is because of being aware of the thieves of affliction, awakening from the sleep of ignorance, and fully perfecting self-awakening, awakening others, and the practice of awakening. "One" refers to a nominal person; that is, one who possesses awakening is called the "Awakened One", which is a bahuvrīhi compound. Dharma (damo) is translated here as "teaching/phenomenon". Dharma has three meanings: first, intrinsic essence is called dharma, as it is said that all dharmas are free from other-nature and each abide in their own nature, which is freedom from discrimination; second, being the object of the mind is called dharma, such as the dharma-base (dharmāyatana), dharmadhātu, and so forth; third, a model or rule is called dharma, because a dharma has a norm that opens up and gives rise to understanding in beings. Here it primarily adopts the latter one while concurrently clarifying the former two. Saṅgha (sengqie) is translated here as the "harmonious assembly". This has two meanings: first, harmony in principle, meaning that when seeing the truth of principle, although minds differ, the principle realized is identical; second, harmony in phenomena, meaning that when four or more persons, though individually distinct, jointly carry out and accomplish a single karmic action (karman), it is therefore called harmony in phenomena. Thus, Buddha has the meaning of awakening and illumination, Saṅgha has the meaning of harmony, and Dharma has the meaning of a norm; all derive their names from their meaning and function. Furthermore, the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa says: "Saṅgha in Qin means many monks coming together in harmony in one place; this is called a saṅgha."