佛制比丘六物圖 1.16

1.16

First, explaining the avoidance of faults in seeking and begging. Because it is a dharma robe, its substance must be pure. Eminent monks of the Western regions mostly renounced [all else for] the pāṃśukūla robes. If one now wishes to conform to the Dharma, one must simply avoid improper seeking. The Shichao states: "Material obtained through pursuing profit and commercial trade does not make [a valid robe]." The Vinaya states: "One may not obtain it through wrong livelihood (explained below citing the Yeshu); through provocation (speaking of what another received to provoke this person to give); through displaying signs (feigning lack and insufficiency so that others take pity); or robes involving naiḥsargika-prāyaścittika offenses (the thirty robe precepts, etc.); none of these may be used to make [a robe]." The Yeshu states: "'Wrong livelihood' is a brief term that contains many matters. Broadly speaking, whenever one acts with an improper mind involving greed and attachment, selling the Dharma for profit, or receiving ill-gotten goods and bribes through bowing to the Buddha, chanting sūtras, fasting, or various such activities—all of these are called wrong livelihood." Nowadays, people accumulate a surplus in their bags and yet forcefully beg from others; using artful words to flatter and curry favor, they send gifts and defile families. All such kinds are termed improper gain.