摩訶止觀 4.133

4.133

此等雖同是知識，依《華嚴》云：「有善知識魔、三昧魔、菩提心魔。」魔能使人捨善從惡，又能化人墮二乘地。若然者，羅漢之人但行真諦，非善知識。若取內祕外現聲聞為知識者，菩薩亦作天龍引入實相，何獨羅漢？此義則通，無非知識。今言魔者，取實羅漢；令人至化城者，即非真善知識，但是半字知識。行半菩提道，損半煩惱；奪、與互明，或知識，或魔也。別教若不得意，不會中道，亦是知識魔也。圓教三種方是真善知識。三昧、菩提心，例此可解（云云）。

Although these are alike in being good friends, according to the *Avataṃsaka*, it is said: "There are the māra of good friends, the māra of samādhi, and the māra of the bodhicitta." A māra can cause a person to abandon good and follow evil, and can also transform a person into falling into the stage of the two vehicles. If so, an arhat who only practices the truth of emptiness is not a good friend. If one takes those who conceal [their real attainment] inwardly while appearing outwardly as śrāvakas as good friends, bodhisattvas also manifest as devas and nāgas to lead beings into true reality—why only arhats? This meaning then pervades all, and none are not good friends. Now, in speaking of māras, we refer to actual arhats; those who cause people to reach the conjured city are not true good friends, but merely good friends of the half-letter teaching. They practice half the bodhi path and reduce half the afflictions; clarifying by alternating between taking away and granting, they are either good friends or māras. If in the distinctive teaching one does not grasp the meaning and does not accord with the middle way, it is also the māra of good friends. Only the three kinds in the perfect teaching are true good friends. Samādhi and bodhicitta can be understood by analogy with this, and so on.