摩訶止觀 4.189

4.189

《論》文解五法者：欲者，欲從欲界到初禪。精進者，欲界難過，若不精進，不能得出；如叛還本國，界首難度。故論云：「施、戒、忍，世間常法；如客主之禮，法應供給。見作惡者被治，不敢為罪，或少力故而忍，故不須精進。今欲生般若，要因禪定，必須大精進；身心急著，爾乃成辦。如佛說血肉脂髓皆使竭盡，但令皮骨在，不捨精進，乃得禪定、智慧。」得是三事，眾事皆辦。是故須大精進也。念者，常念初禪，不念餘事。慧者，分別初禪尊重可貴；欲界欺誑可惡。初禪為攀上勝、妙、出；欲界為厭下苦、麁、障。因果合論，則有十二觀。若依此言，與外道六行同。但外道專為求禪；今佛弟子用邪相入正相，無漏心修，還成正法，是為巧慧。一心者，修此法時一心專志，更不餘緣；決定一心，非是入定一心也。

Regarding the explanation of the five dharmas in the treatise: desire means desiring to go from the desire realm to the first dhyāna. Vigor means that the desire realm is difficult to cross over; without vigor, one cannot escape it, just like a rebel returning to his homeland where the border frontier is difficult to cross. Thus the treatise says: 'Giving, morality, and patience are ordinary worldly dharmas; like the etiquette of host and guest, it is standard practice to provide them. Seeing evildoers punished, one dares not commit crimes; or because of insufficient strength one endures—thus great vigor is not required. Now, wishing to generate prajñā, one must rely on dhyāna-concentration, and so one must have great vigor; only when body and mind strive urgently will it be accomplished. As the Buddha said, even if flesh, blood, fat, and marrow are all exhausted, leaving only skin and bones, if one does not abandon vigor, one will then attain dhyāna-concentration and wisdom.' Attaining these three matters, all matters are accomplished; therefore, one must have great vigor. Mindfulness means constantly being mindful of the first dhyāna and not mindful of other matters. Wisdom means discerning that the first dhyāna is venerable and precious, whereas the desire realm is deceitful and detestable. For the first dhyāna, one seeks the superior above: excellent, wondrous, and transcendent; for the desire realm, one detests the base below: painful, coarse, and obstructive. Combining causes and effects, there are twelve contemplations. According to this statement, it is identical with the six practices of the tīrthikas. However, tīrthikas practice exclusively to seek dhyāna; now, the Buddha's disciples use distorted marks to enter correct marks, cultivating with an outflow-free mind, which turns back into the correct Dharma—this is skillful wisdom. Single-mindedness means that when cultivating this Dharma, one focuses exclusively with a single mind, without other conditions; it is a resolute single mind, not the single-mindedness of having entered absorption.