摩訶止觀 3.38

3.38

Third, regarding the explanation of the substance and characteristics of calming and contemplation: having understood the great purport, expansive as before, and the names, far-reaching as just described, one must recognize that the principle of the substance is profound and mysterious. We roughly draw upon four ideas to reveal the substance: first, the doctrinal characteristics; second, eye and wisdom; third, the realm; fourth, attainment and loss. Principle is manifested by relying on teaching; since the teachings are numerous, we use 'characteristics' to reveal it. The gateways to entering the principle are not the same, so we use 'eye and wisdom' to reveal it. Truths possess provisional and real, so we use the 'realm' to reveal it. People experience divergence and convergence, so we use 'attainment and loss' to reveal it. The Lotus Commentary uses four unities to illuminate reality; now using four headings to reveal the substance may be regarded as analogous to that.