摩訶止觀 4.11

4.11

Now we take the three refuges, the five precepts, and the two hundred and fifty [precepts] as the root of adventitious precepts. As for the ten kinds of persons who obtain the precepts: as when the Buddha himself said, 'Welcome, monk!' and he naturally obtained the full ordination; as when Mahākāśyapa obtained the full ordination through the condition of his self-sworn vow; as when Ājñātakauṇḍinya received the full ordination by seeing the truths; as when the nun Mahāprajāpatī received the full ordination through the eight weighty rules (guru-dharma); as when the nun Dharmadinnā received the full ordination by sending a messenger; as when the novice Sudaya received the full ordination through doctrinal debate; as when the monk Yaśas and others received the full ordination by [the Buddha's call of] 'Welcome!'; as when Bhadrapāla received the full ordination through the three refuges; as in borderlands, where one receives the full ordination with five vinaya masters; and in the central land, where one receives the full ordination through ten persons with the single motion and three announcements (jñapti-caturtha-karman). These are the persons [receiving] the adventitious precepts. The fundamental pure dhyānas, when contemplated, trained, suffused, and cultivated, are adventitious concentration. The wisdom of the four truths is adventitious wisdom, which exists only when a Buddha appears.