摩訶止觀 9.32

9.32

As for the five factors of proper dhyāna: when the initial touch touches the body, resting on the object is called 'applied thought' (vitarka); subtler mental differentiation of the eight touches and their ten attendants is called 'sustained thought' (vicāra); rejoicing because one has now attained what was previously unattained is called 'joy' (prīti); serene pleasure is called 'bliss' (sukha); and utter quiescence is called 'one-pointedness of mind' (ekāgratā). According to the Abhidharma, twenty-three mental factors arise simultaneously, and taking the strongest among them, they are designated as the five factors. The five factors are entirely the substance of concentration, while the expedients prior to this substance are as explained above. The Chengshi lun explains that the five factors arise in succession before and after: the four factors serve as expedients, and the factor of one-pointedness of mind serves as the substance of concentration. The Mahāsaṃnipāta takes the sixth quiescent mind as the substance of concentration. Some say that the five factors are in the ninth mind of the desire realm; others say they are before the desire-realm concentration. These are not the five factors.