止觀輔行傳弘決 1.75

1.75

次解釋中言「囊括」等者。囊者，袋也。故《字統》云「有底曰囊，無底曰槖，使風具也。」非今文意。括者，結也、塞也、關閉也。囊有括結，收於一囊；章有大意，攬於始末。釋名為始、旨歸為末，故知大意如囊有括，盛持結束十章之法。「冠戴初後」者，冠，首飾也，平聲呼之。《周禮》云「在首曰冠。」亦可去聲，謂冠於首。故知大意冠十章首。冠初，如冠冠於身。戴後，如身戴於冠。大意有發心故冠初、大意有旨歸故戴後，既通初後，故云「意緩」。有人云：冠象於天、戴象於地，此大意章亦如天地覆載其間。若作此釋，應改為載字；今從前釋，故不須改。撮下九廣以為五略，示九章旨故云大意。又九章皆大略述彼意，故云大意。故此五略皆大為名。前是共釋，次是別釋，若共若別悉可以喻囊括故也。

Next, in the explanation, regarding "encompassing in a bag" (nangkuo) and so forth: A bag (nang) is a pouch. Thus the Zitong states: "One with a bottom is called a nang; one without a bottom is called a tuo, which is an instrument for directing wind." This is not the meaning of the present text. Kuo means to tie, to plug, or to close up. A bag has a tied knot, collecting [everything] into one bag; the chapters have a grand intent (dayi), gathering up the beginning and the end. "Explaining names" is the beginning, and "aim and destination" is the end; thus one knows that the grand intent is like a bag having a knot, holding and tying together the teachings of the ten chapters. Regarding "crowning the beginning and carrying the end": A crown (guan) is a head ornament, pronounced in the level tone. The Zhouli states: "What is upon the head is called a crown." It may also be in the departing tone, meaning to cap upon the head. Thus one knows that the grand intent crowns the head of the ten chapters. Crowning the beginning is like a crown capping the body. Carrying the end is like the body carrying the crown. Because the grand intent has "arousing the aspiration [for awakening]", it crowns the beginning; because the grand intent has "aim and destination", it carries the end. Since it connects beginning and end, it is called "comprehensive and unhurried in intent." Someone says: "A crown images Heaven, and carrying images Earth; this chapter on the grand intent is also like Heaven and Earth covering and carrying between them." If one makes this interpretation, it should be changed to the character "to carry" (zai); now we follow the former explanation, so it does not need to be changed. Summarizing the nine broad [chapters] below to make the five summaries, and demonstrating the purport of the nine chapters, it is called the grand intent. Furthermore, the nine chapters are all great, and [this] briefly states their intent; hence it is called the grand intent. Thus these five summaries all take "great" (da) as their name. The former is the shared explanation, and the next is the distinctive explanation; whether shared or distinctive, all can be analogized by encompassing in a bag.