釋禪波羅蜜次第法門 5.115

5.115

Now, explaining the cultivation of the second dhyāna: ordinary persons should also first cultivate the six practices; disciples of the Buddha mostly cultivate the eight noble lineages. The meaning of the noble lineages is as explained before. As for the six practices, in the sixth silent mind of the first dhyāna, one becomes disgusted with and detaches from vitarka and vicāra. One contemplates the first dhyāna as inferior and suffering: knowing that these two factors are turbulent and torment the settled mind, they are therefore [seen as] suffering. Because prīti, sukha, and samādhi arise from vitarka and vicāra, they are therefore coarse. Because these factors of vitarka and vicāra obstruct the internal purity of the second dhyāna, they are therefore named an obstruction. Aspiring to the superior: the internal purity of the second dhyāna is serene and superior to the samādhi of the first dhyāna with its turbulent vitarka and vicāra. As for sublime: the samādhi of prīti arises conditioned by internal purity, which is exceedingly subtle. As for escape: if one attains the second dhyāna, one's mind then escapes obstructions such as vitarka and vicāra. Furthermore, when the practitioner has recognized the faults of the first dhyāna that obstruct the second dhyāna and now wishes to leave them far behind, he should rely on three kinds of expedient means: first, attaining detachment by not accepting and not clinging; second, attaining detachment by scolding and reproaching; third, attaining detachment by analytical contemplation. For example, when worldly people associate with someone and afterwards see his faults and wish in their hearts to make him leave, they also use three methods: first, a superior person with keen intelligence gives no pleasant countenance, and the other person leaves on his own; second, if he does not leave, one must repeatedly reproach him, and he will leave on his own; third, if he does not leave, one strikes him with a staff, and he will naturally leave. If one grasps these three meanings, one can become detached from the faults of vitarka and vicāra in the first dhyāna.