四教義 2.12

2.12

Third, clarifying the principle elucidated in terms of the two truths also has three aspects: first, properly clarifying the principle elucidated; second, clarifying the teachings that elucidate [it]; third, referencing the sūtras and treatises. First, clarifying the principle elucidated: this is the principle of the two truths. There are two kinds of two truths: first, the two truths outside the principle; second, the two truths within the principle. If the ultimate truth is not the Buddha-nature, these are the two truths outside the principle. If the ultimate truth is identical to the Buddha-nature, these are the two truths within the principle. 1. The two truths outside the principle are of two kinds: first, the non-identical two truths, which are the two truths of arising and ceasing; second, the mutually identical two truths, which are the two truths of non-arising. Thus the *Dàpǐn jīng* states: "Form is emptiness itself, not that the destruction of form is emptiness." Only upon the destruction of form being empty is the non-identical two truths; form being emptiness itself is the mutually identical two truths. 2. Clarifying the two truths within the principle also has two kinds: first, the non-identical two truths; second, the mutually identical two truths. The first, the non-identical two truths, are the immeasurable two truths. Thus the *Nirvāṇa Sūtra* states: "Discerning the worldly truth has immeasurable marks, and paramārtha-satya also has immeasurable marks, which cannot be known by any of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas." The second, the mutually identical two truths, are the uncreated two truths. The uncreated suffering, origin, cessation, and path are termed worldly truth; being identical to the one real truth, they are therefore termed paramārtha-satya.