四教義 3.4

3.4

Second, explaining the four gates of the shared teaching: this is what the Dà zhìdù lùn explains as 'all is unreal, all is both real and unreal, all is neither real nor unreal'; regarding these four phrases, the Buddha extensively explained the paramārtha siddhānta. The Madhyamaka-kārikā explains: 'These four phrases are all called the real mark of all dharmas.' These are the phrases of the shared teaching explaining that dharmas of correct causes and conditions are like dreams, illusions, echoes, transformations, the moon in water, and images in a mirror—entering emptiness through embodying dharmas as empty. If the three vehicles together receive this teaching but have different capacities and conditions, each enters the paramārtha through one phrase; hence all four phrases are called 'gates.' This is fully as Qingmu's commentary explains. His commentary also says: 'The real mark of all dharmas has three kinds.' Thus we know that these four-phrase gates mean that the three vehicles together enter these four gates to attain the vision of the paramārtha.