四教義 5.2

5.2

Fifth, explaining that the three kinds of mindfulness accomplish three kinds of arhats: 1. If one solely cultivates mindfulness of dharmic nature, one accomplishes an arhat liberated through wisdom; 2. through shared mindfulness, one accomplishes an arhat liberated in both ways; 3. through object-oriented mindfulness, one accomplishes an arhat liberated without doubt. Why is this? Mindfulness of dharmic nature is the wisdom that takes principle as the object; when mindfulness is corresponding and develops the genuine untainted state, one accomplishes an arhat liberated through wisdom. Shared mindfulness joins with the wholesome five aggregates to accomplish the liberations up to the leap samādhi and the summit dhyāna of aspiration-knowledge; with these auxiliary paths joining the correct path to develop the genuine untainted state, one attains the three knowledges, six supernormal powers, and completes the eight liberations, accomplishing an arhat liberated in both ways. Object-oriented mindfulness takes as its object all natures of aggregates, bases, and elements expounded by the Buddha's verbal teachings, combining the names and meanings of the two kinds of mindfulness—the contemplator and the contemplated; if one contemplates these names and meanings within dhyāna, one develops the four unhindered knowledges, and is called a great arhat of unhindered liberation.
Question: The names "liberated through wisdom" and "liberated in both ways" belong to the Dharmaguptaka school, not what is used by the Abhidharma masters.
Answer: The Tripiṭaka teaching is the same; using both carries no fault. Furthermore, a verse in the *Miśrakābhidharma-hṛdaya* says: "One liberated through wisdom, you should know, does not attain the cessation attainment; if one attains the cessation attainment, you should know they are liberated in both ways." This verse clarifies that regarding timely and non-timely [liberation], there is the distinction between wisdom and both.
Question: One should not separately speak of unhindered liberation; the nine kinds of arhats do not have this designation.
Answer: This comes from the *Dà zhìdù lùn*, which explains that when wishing to compile the Dharma treasury, one thousand arhats were gathered, all of whom had attained shared liberation and unhindered liberation. Just as pratyekabuddhas arise in an era without a Buddha, and although they attain the pratyekabuddha path and are complete with the three knowledges, eight liberations, and the six supernormal transformations, because they have not heard the Buddha expound the Dharma, they do not attain the four unhindered knowledges. If they wish to repay the kindness of faithful offerings, they merely display the eighteen transformations. How much more so could an arhat who has not heard the Buddha expound the Tripiṭaka teaching spontaneously develop the four unhindered knowledges to explain the Buddha's Dharma without impediment or stagnation!