四教義 6.8

6.8

Sixth, explaining the temporally liberated arhat: this is the dull-rooted practitioner of faith who attains liberation only by waiting for the right time and the assembly of conditions; hence they are called 'temporally liberated.' The term 'arhat' is an Indian word, which has no translation in this land, and contains three meanings: first, killer of thieves; second, non-arising; third, worthy of offerings. Endowed with these three meanings, one's stage resides in non-learning. There are five kinds of arhats, namely the five kinds generated in accord with practicing by faith: falling back, thinking, guarding, abiding, and advancing. They attain two kinds of wisdom: the wisdom of exhaustion and the views identical to non-learning wisdom. If by using the adamantine samādhi they completely sever the nine grades of delusions in [the sphere of] neither-conceptualization-nor-non-conceptualization, in the next moment they realize the ninth liberation of neither-conceptualization-nor-non-conceptualization, accomplishing the wisdom of exhaustion; in the following moment they attain the views identical to non-learning. Because they sometimes fall back, they are not said to attain the wisdom of non-arising. These five kinds of arhats are of the lineage of practicing by faith and have dull roots; when cultivating the path in the causal state, they must rely on clothing, food, bedding, dwelling places, teachings of the Dharma, and companions to follow and advance their good roots; they cannot advance at all times according to their desires. Each of these five kinds of arhats has two types: those who do not attain the absorption of cessation are merely liberated through wisdom; if they attain the absorption of cessation, they are doubly liberated. If they do not attain the absorption of cessation, in the causal state this person exclusively cultivated the contemplation of mindfulness of dharmic nature and did not cultivate the contemplation of shared mindfulness. If they attain the absorption of cessation, in the causal state this person cultivated the contemplation of mindfulness of nature and also cultivated shared mindfulness; when realizing the fruit, they simultaneously attain the three clarities and the eight liberations, and thus are called doubly liberated.