天台四教儀 1.27

1.27

二、集諦者，即見思惑，又云見修，又云四住，又云染污無知，又云取相惑，又云枝末無明，又云通惑，又云界內惑。雖名不同，但見思耳。初釋見惑，有八十八使，所謂一身見、二邊見、三見取、四戒取、五邪見（已上利使），六貪、七瞋、八癡、九慢、十疑（已上鈍使）。此十使歷三界四諦下，增減不同，成八十八，謂欲界苦十使具足；集、滅各七使，除身見、邊見、戒取；道諦八使，除身見、邊見。四諦下合為三十二。上二界四諦下，餘皆如欲界，只於每諦下除瞋使，故一界各有二十八，二界合為五十六，并前三十二，合為八十八使也。二明思惑者，有八十一品，謂三界分為九地：欲界合為一地，四禪、四定為八，共為九地。欲界一地中，有九品貪瞋癡慢。言九品者，上上、上中、上下，中上、中中、中下，下上、下中、下下。上八地各有九品，除瞋使，故成八十一也。上來見思不同，總是藏教實有集諦。

Second, the truth of origination refers to the delusions of views and thought. It is also called views and cultivation, the four entrenchments, defiled ignorance, the delusion of grasping at marks, branch-and-leaf ignorance, shared delusion, and delusion within the realms. Though the names differ, they are simply views and thought. First, to explain the delusion of views: there are eighty-eight entangling proclivities, namely, (1) view of personal identity, (2) extreme view, (3) adherence to views, (4) adherence to precepts and vows, and (5) wrong view (these are the sharp proclivities); (6) greed, (7) anger, (8) delusion, (9) conceit, and (10) doubt (these are the blunt proclivities). When these ten proclivities are applied to the four truths across the three realms, with varying additions and omissions, they total eighty-eight. Specifically, under suffering in the desire realm, all ten proclivities are present; under origination and cessation, there are seven proclivities each, omitting view of personal identity, extreme view, and adherence to precepts and vows; under the truth of the path, there are eight proclivities, omitting view of personal identity and extreme view. Under the four truths [in the desire realm], they total thirty-two. Under the four truths of the upper two realms, the remainder are just as in the desire realm, except that the proclivity of anger is omitted under each truth; thus each realm has twenty-eight, and the two realms together make fifty-six, which combined with the previous thirty-two make eighty-eight proclivities in all. Second, to explain the delusion of thought: there are eighty-one grades. Specifically, the three realms are divided into nine stages: the desire realm taken together forms one stage, and the four dhyānas and four meditative attainments make eight, totaling nine stages. Within the single stage of the desire realm, there are nine grades of greed, anger, delusion, and conceit. 'Nine grades' means superior-superior, superior-medium, superior-inferior; medium-superior, medium-medium, medium-inferior; inferior-superior, inferior-medium, and inferior-inferior. Each of the upper eight stages also has nine grades, omitting the proclivity of anger; thus they make eighty-one. The distinctions of views and thought set forth above all constitute the truth of origination as real existence in the Tripiṭaka teaching.