宗鏡錄 50.31

50.31

Answer: Good and evil karma are that which leads, and the eighth is that which is led; because it is the fruit of that which leads, it is called a leading result, and is therefore the master of the comprehensive retribution. The first six consciousnesses are called completing results, because a portion of particular good and evil retributions comes to complete them; what is induced by this completing karma is called 'born of retribution' (vipākaja), not the true vipāka. Lacking the four meanings, only the eighth is the leading result and the true vipāka consciousness, because it possesses the four meanings. This extends from ordinary beings to the tenth bhūmi, all of which have the name vipāka consciousness; at the end of the vajropamasamādhi, it is permanently abandoned in a single kṣaṇa. In the path of liberation, it becomes the immaculate consciousness, called amala, which is the eighth consciousness in the fruit: entirely and purely uncontaminated, not containing any seeds of defiled dharmas, and not serving as the support for defiled seeds or active manifestations, it is associated solely with the mirror wisdom, and is called the immaculate consciousness. Furthermore, there are six alternate names for citta: first, called citta in the sense of gathering and arising, which belongs solely to the eighth, because it gathers seeds and gives rise to active manifestations; second, called citta in the sense of accumulating, which belongs to the first seven transforming consciousnesses, because they can perfume and accumulate seeds of various dharmas, or alternatively, the initial gathering and arising belongs to the first seven transforming consciousnesses, whose active manifestations jointly gather and perfume to give rise to seeds, while the subsequent accumulating is called citta belonging to the eighth, because it contains and accumulates the seeds of various dharmas (although both explanations above have the senses of active gathering and passive gathering, here we only take active gathering to be called citta, which should be considered in accordance with reason); third, called citta in the sense of cognitive consideration, because they can all cognize and consider their own respective spheres of objects; fourth, sometimes called vijñāna (consciousness), in the sense of discerning; fifth, sometimes called manas (mind/thought), in the sense of immediate succession; sixth, sometimes called citta. A further extensive explanation: 1. Called citta in the sense of gathering and arising: namely, the eighth consciousness, because it gathers seeds and gives rise to active manifestations. Saying that it 'gathers seeds' means that the seeds of all dharmas—matter, mind, humans, devas, the three realms, contaminated, and uncontaminated—are all capable of being gathered by this eighth consciousness, just like a granary or treasury of worldly people. Saying that it 'gives rise to active manifestations' means that all active manifestations of matter, mind, etc., across the three realms, five destinies, contaminated, and uncontaminated, are produced from the eighth consciousness; that is, the eighth consciousness is that which gathers and gives rise, while all seeds of matter, mind, etc., are that which is gathered and given rise to. Now, we take only that which gathers and gives rise to be called citta. Now, we properly take the svasaṃvittibhāga of the eighth mind-king to be called the citta of gathering and arising: the nimittabhāga is form, the darśanabhāga is function, and the saṃvittisvasaṃvittibhāga falls behind them; because the svasaṃvittibhāga can gather the seeds of dharmas without letting them be lost, and can further give rise to the functional capacity of these seeds into active manifestation, uninterrupted from beginningless time, it alone possesses the meaning of gathering and arising. Thus we know that the svasaṃvittibhāga of the eighth acts as two causes for the seeds within the consciousness, which are precisely the two meanings of gathering and arising here: first, acting as the supporting cause, which is the meaning of gathering; second, granting power to cause arising, which is the meaning of arising. 2. Called citta in the sense of accumulating: also because within the eighth consciousness are held the seeds of the three realms and five destinies, the eighth obtains the name of containing and accumulating. That is, the svasaṃvittibhāga of the eighth can hold old seeds, hence it is called 'accumulation' (ji), and it can also gather newly perfumed ones, hence it is called 'gathering' (ji). Thus one knows that in interpreting citta as accumulating and gathering-and-arising, the eighth consciousness alone is called citta, which is the standard doctrine. The Vijñaptimātratāsiddhiśāstra says: 'Because it can universally sustain the seeds of mundane and supramundane dharmas'—this is the meaning of the storehouse consciousness; that is, the svasaṃvittibhāga is that which sustains and that which accumulates, while all seeds are that which is sustained and that which is accumulated. The first seven are called transforming consciousnesses (pravṛttivijñāna): 'transforming' means altering and shifting, which has the meaning of being undetermined; only when the three natures, three pramāṇas, and three objects easily shift and are undetermined are they called transforming consciousnesses. The eighth is exclusively of a single category and morally indeterminate, and further is solely of the realm of real nature (vastu) and direct perception (pratyakṣa), hence it is called the non-transforming consciousness. Furthermore, called citta in the sense of gathering and arising also belongs to the seventh transforming consciousness: 'gathering' means gathering the active manifestations of the first seven; 'arising' means that the active manifestations of the first seven each have their own power to perfume and produce new seeds, which is called arising. For instance, when the visual consciousness cognizes form, it must rely on the simultaneous manovijñāna to jointly gather and perfume seeds; the remaining four consciousnesses are also like this.