緇門警訓 4.6

4.6

鈔云。一田宅園林。二種植生種。三貯積穀帛。四畜養人僕。五養繫禽獸。六錢寶貴物。七氈褥釜鑊。八象金飾床及諸重物。此之八名經論及律盛列通數。顯過不應。又律經言。若有畜者非我弟子。五分亦云。必定不信我之法律。由此八種皆長貪。壞道污染梵行。有得穢果故。名不淨也。乃至云。律中在事小機意狹故。多開畜。又涅槃云。若諸弟子無人供須時世饑饉。飲食難得。為欲護持建立正法。我聽弟子受畜金銀車乘田宅穀米貿易所須。雖聽受畜。如是等物要須淨施。篤信檀越。記云。上明大乘機教俱急。下明小乘機教俱緩。律在事者違事故。輕則顯經宗。於理違理故。重小機意狹不堪故。開反上。大乘堪任故重。世人反謂小乘須戒。大教通方幾許誤哉。

The Chao states: 'First, fields, residences, gardens, and groves. Second, planting and living seeds. Third, storing grain and cloth. Fourth, keeping and raising male and female servants. Fifth, keeping and binding birds and beasts. Sixth, money, jewels, and precious goods. Seventh, felt rugs, cauldrons, and kettles. Eighth, beds ornamented with ivory and gold, and various heavy objects. The names of these eight are extensively listed and counted throughout the sūtras, treatises, and vinayas, revealing their faults and that they are improper. Moreover, the vinaya sūtras state: "If anyone keeps them, they are not my disciple." The Wufen lü also states: "They definitely do not believe in my Dharma and Vinaya." Because these eight kinds all increase greed, ruin the Path, defile pure conduct, and bring forth filthy karmic fruits, they are called impure.' It further states: 'In the Vinaya, which addresses practical matters, because those of inferior capacity have narrow intentions, keeping them is often permitted. Furthermore, the Nirvāṇa Sūtra states: "If my disciples have no one to provide their necessities, during times of famine when food and drink are difficult to obtain, for the sake of protecting, upholding, and establishing the true Dharma, I permit my disciples to receive and keep gold, silver, vehicles, fields, houses, grain, and rice to trade for what is needed. Although permitted to receive and keep them, such items must be purified through declaration of purity before devout donors."' The Commentary states: 'The above clarifies that in the Mahāyāna, both the faculties and the teachings are strict; the below clarifies that in the Hīnayāna, both the faculties and the teachings are relaxed. That the Vinaya addresses practical matters means that violating a practical matter is minor, thus illuminating the tenor of the sūtras. In principle, violating principle is grave. Because those of inferior capacity have narrow intentions and cannot bear it, allowances are made for them. Conversely, the Mahāyāna is capable of bearing it, and so it is grave. People of the world mistakenly say that the Hīnayāna requires strict precepts while the Great Teaching is accommodating—what a grave error!'