勅修百丈清規 2.43

2.43

凡集眾開示皆謂之參。古人匡徒使之朝夕咨扣。無時而不激揚此道。故每晚必參則在晡時。至今叢林坐參猶旦望五參陞座。將聽法時大眾坐堂也（詳具祝釐章）若住持至晚不參。則堂司行者稟命住持覆首座。鳴僧堂鐘三下。謂放參鐘也。如住持入院。或官員檀越入山。或受人特請。或謂亡者開示。或四節臘則移於昏鐘鳴。而謂之小參。可以敘世禮。曰家教者是也。然亦不鳴放參鐘。謂猶有參也。

Whenever the assembly is gathered for guidance, it is called 'instruction.' The ancients disciplined their disciples, having them inquire morning and evening, never failing to invigorate this Way; thus, each evening there was surely instruction at the late afternoon hour. Even today, the grove's seated instruction is like ascending the seat for the new and full moon and five-and-ten instructions, where the assembly sits in the hall when about to hear the Dharma (detailed in the Chapter on Praying for Blessings). If the abbot does not hold instruction in the evening, the hall postulant receives the abbot's order to report to the head seat, and strikes the Sangha hall bell three times, which is called the 'bell for releasing instruction.' If the abbot enters the monastery, or officials and donors visit the mountain, or he receives a special request, or gives guidance for the deceased, or on the four festivals and year-end, it is moved to the striking of the dusk bell and called 'minor instruction.' One may address worldly courtesies; this is what is called 'family instruction.' However, the bell for releasing instruction is also not struck, meaning that there is still instruction.