佛祖統紀 38.29

38.29

三年。昭玄都統曇曜言。平齊戶及民間。能歲輸粟入僧曹號僧祇粟。遇凶年則出賑饑民。又諸民犯重罪者為佛圖戶。供諸寺掃洒。帝許之。於是僧祇粟遍天下（平齊戶。注家未嘗言。或云平民齊民之義。僧祇此云大眾。佛圖亦佛陀。此云覺者。言戶者佛寺之民戶也）。五年。帝雅好佛學。每引朝士沙門共談玄理。有遺世之心。是年昭傳位太子。徙居崇光宮稱上皇。建鹿野寺。與禪僧數百習學禪定。

In the third year, the Chief Supervisor of the Zhaoxuan Temple, Tanyao, said, 'Let the households of Pingqi and among the common people who are able pay an annual tribute of grain to the monastic office, termed "Saṅgha Grain"; when a year of famine is met, it will be distributed to relieve the starving populace. Furthermore, let those commoners who commit grave crimes become "Buddha-stūpa households" to serve monasteries with sweeping and sprinkling.' The emperor granted this. Thereupon, Saṅgha Grain spread throughout the realm (Regarding Pingqi households, commentators have not explained it; some say it has the meaning of commoners, the populace. Saṅgha here means the great assembly; fotu is also Buddha, here translated as the Awakened One; "households" refers to the peasant households of Buddhist monasteries). In the fifth year, the emperor had an innate love for Buddhist studies; he often summoned court officials and monks to discuss dark principles together, possessing a mind that wished to leave the world behind. In this year, an edict abdicated the throne to the Crown Prince; he moved his residence to the Chongguang Palace, took the title of Retired Emperor, built the Luye Monastery, and practiced dhyāna with several hundred meditation monks.