佛祖歷代通載 13.27

13.27

（十九　壬申）　是歲定五服制。蓋出自古。至天后請母三年。及盧氏駁議有異。開元五年盧履氷上言。眾議紛然。自是卿士之家。孝服有異。今二十年蕭嵩等改修五禮。勅下依行。五服禮者。一三年服。為父曰斬衰。哀情至切斬截其心。為母曰齊衰次其父也。然二十七箇月終矣。十二月小祥。二十五月大祥。二十七月𧝓服。更加一月心喪。服之終也。齊斬服以縗麻。臣孝于君亦爾。二期年服。十三箇月。為祖父等。三大功。九月。為叔伯等。四小功。五月。堂兄弟等。五緦麻。三月。三從兄弟等內外族等。餘如五服注疏全之。

([Kaiyuan], Year 19, [cyclical year] Renshen) [731 CE]: In this year, the regulations for the Five Grades of Mourning Attire were established. These originated from antiquity. When Empress Wu [Zetian] petitioned for three years of mourning for mothers, Lu's rebuttals presented differing views. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan, Lu Lübing submitted a memorial, and public debate was contentious. From that time on, among the households of ministers and gentry, mourning attire had discrepancies. Now, in the twentieth year, Xiao Song and others revised the Five Rites, and an imperial edict decreed that they be implemented. The ritual of the Five Grades of Mourning is as follows: First, three years' mourning: for a father, it is called zhancui [unhemmed sackcloth], mourning with utmost grief as though one's heart were cut through; for a mother, it is called qicui [hemmed sackcloth], secondary to that for a father. However, it concludes in twenty-seven months. At the twelfth month is the minor auspicious sacrifice (xiaoxiang); at the twenty-fifth month is the major auspicious sacrifice (daxiang); at the twenty-seventh month is the tan sacrifice to change attire, with an additional month of internal mourning (xinsang), which marks the conclusion of the mourning period. The qicui and zhancui mourning garments are made of coarse hempen sackcloth; a minister's mourning for his sovereign is likewise. Second, one year's mourning: thirteen months, for paternal grandfathers, etc. Third, dagong [nine months' mourning]: nine months, for paternal uncles, etc. Fourth, xiaogong [five months' mourning]: five months, for paternal cousins, etc. Fifth, sima [three months' mourning]: three months, for third cousins, maternal and paternal relatives, etc. The rest are fully described in the commentaries and sub-commentaries on the Five Grades of Mourning.