佛祖歷代通載 3.75

3.75

（二十八）　孔子生干魯國今兗州鄒邑平鄉晉昌里。實隱公後第九代襄公二十一年冬十一月初四日。按殷本紀。孔子父姓叔梁名紇。為鄒邑宰。先娶鄒氏女。生子孟皮。不才。後娶顏氏女名徵。在夫婦禱尼丘山而生孔子生而有髮。身長九尺六寸腰帶十圍。垂手過膝。河眸海口龍顏方顙。鳳顒燕頷虬髭虎視。有中和之德。衣莊而嚴。色溫而厲。有四十二表如世家。自易姓孔氏。名丘字仲尼。至唐玄宗。諡曰文宣王。丘先殷之後裔頴考叔弗何祖焉。至紇移居魯。易姓叔梁。後孔子追昔先生姓字。以子配一。更姓孔氏。是不忘本仁也。學無常師。自然英才誕秀。聖德不群世號素王。大宣文教矣魯哀公十一年。自衛反魯修文教於洙泗之濱。祖述堯舜憲章文武之風。約魯史而修春秋。周平魯隱始之自己未。終敬王魯哀壬戌記二百四。十二年之事。明王室衰諸侯霸褒貶得失。絕筆于獲麟之句也。而傳有五。左丘明公羊高穀梁赤鄒氏郟氏。刪詩三百。而詠國風雅頌正變之道也。而傳者分為四詩。毛韓魯齊。詩以關睢首之。明有夫婦。次有父子君臣之道。三綱逆順辨其國政。定尚書凡百篇。始于二典。次及三王典謨誓誥之文。備悉明也。秦火之後。漢儒伏生口授。裁二十餘篇。正禮樂有二禮記四十九篇。而以曲禮首之。終于喪服之制。俾夫孝弟施行。安上治民廣大悉備。而傳者徐生首焉。周禮者六官之屬王百七十五。明宗廟社稷王侯等差朝格典儀。大全其式矣。贊易道始于太極。是生兩儀。四象八卦萬物生焉。作十翼書以明之。謂上繫下繫上彖下彖上象下象文言說卦敘卦雜卦。而傳者古今眾矣。資學三千。達者七十有二。四科十哲。德行顏回閔損冉耕仲弓。言語宰予端木賜。政事冉求仲由。文學言偃卜商。子鯉伯魚。孫伋子思。皆預其數。壽七十三歲薨。佛先二百九十九年。

(28) Confucius was born in the state of Lu, now Jinchang Lane, Ping Township, Zou Town in Yanzhou. It was indeed in the twenty-first year of Duke Xiang—the ninth generation after Duke Yin—in the winter, on the fourth day of the eleventh month. According to the "Basic Annals of Yin," Confucius's father was surnamed Shuliang and named He; he served as magistrate of Zou Town. He first married a daughter of the Zou clan, who bore a son, Mengpi, who was untalented. Later he married a daughter of the Yan clan named Zhengzai. The couple prayed at Mount Nichiu and gave birth to Confucius. At birth he had hair; he was nine feet six inches tall, and his waist measured ten spans around. His hanging hands reached past his knees. He had river-like eyes, an ocean-like mouth, a dragon countenance, a square forehead, a phoenix-like demeanor, a swallow's throat, a dragon's beard, and a tiger's gaze. He possessed the virtue of central harmony; his attire was stately and solemn, his countenance warm yet stern. He possessed the forty-two physical marks as recorded in the Hereditary Houses. He personally took the surname Kong, was named Qiu, and was styled Zhongni. In the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously enfeoffed him as King Wenxuan. Qiu's ancestry traced back to the descendants of Yin, with Ying Kaoshu and Fuhe as his ancestors. When it came to He, he moved to Lu and took the surname Shuliang. Later, Confucius looked back to his ancestral surname and characters, matched 'zi' with 'yi', and changed his surname to Kong; this was because he did not forget his roots out of humaneness. In learning he had no constant teacher; naturally talented, he was an extraordinary prodigy. His sagely virtue was unparalleled, and the world called him the Uncrowned King; he vastly propagated cultural instruction. In the eleventh year of Duke Ai of Lu, he returned from Wei to Lu and cultivated cultural instruction on the banks of the Zhu and Si rivers. He transmitted [the ways of] Yao and Shun and modeled himself upon the customs of Wen and Wu. Condensing the annals of Lu, he compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals. Beginning with King Ping of Zhou and Duke Yin of Lu in the jiwei year, it concluded in the renxu year under King Jing and Duke Ai of Lu, recording the events of two hundred forty-two years. It clarified the decline of the royal house and the hegemony of the feudal lords, giving praise and blame to success and failure; he laid down his brush at the sentence on the capture of the lin. Its commentaries are five: Zuo Qiuming, Gongyang Gao, Guliang Chi, the Zou clan, and the Jia clan. He edited the three hundred Odes, singing the proper and changing ways of the Airs of the States, the Odes, and the Hymns. Its transmissions were divided into four versions of the Odes: Mao, Han, Lu, and Qi. The Odes began with 'Guanju', clarifying that first there are husband and wife, followed by the ways of father and son, and ruler and minister; through the obedience and rebelliousness of the three bonds, he discerned state governance. He settled the Book of Documents in a total of one hundred chapters, beginning with the two Canons and continuing with the texts of the canons, counsels, oaths, and announcements of the Three Kings, explaining them all thoroughly and clearly. After the Qin fires, the Han Confucian Fu Sheng recited it orally, leaving only twenty-odd chapters. To rectify rites and music, there were two rites; the Record of Rites had forty-nine chapters, beginning with 'Quli' and ending with the system of mourning attire, enabling filial piety and fraternal duty to be practiced, and bringing peace to superiors and governance to the people, vast and fully complete; Master Xu was the foremost among its transmitters. The Rites of Zhou numbered King [Wen's] one hundred seventy-five subordinates of the Six Offices, clarifying the ancestral temples, altars of soil and grain, grades of kings and lords, court standards, and ceremonies, fully perfecting their models. In praising the way of the Changes, he began with the Great Ultimate, which gave rise to the Two Modes; the Four Images and Eight Trigrams brought forth the ten thousand things. He composed the Ten Wings to illuminate it, namely the Upper and Lower Appended Judgments, the Upper and Lower Commentaries on the Judgments, the Upper and Lower Images, the Commentary on the Words, the Discussion of the Trigrams, the Order of the Trigrams, and the Miscellaneous Trigrams; its transmitters in past and present have been numerous. His disciples numbered three thousand, among whom seventy-two were accomplished. There were four disciplines and ten philosophers: for virtuous conduct, Yan Hui, Min Sun, Ran Geng, and Zhonggong; for speech, Zai Yu and Duanmu Ci; for government affairs, Ran Qiu and Zhong You; for literature, Yan Yan and Bu Shang. His son Li, styled Boyu, and his grandson Ji, styled Zisi, were both included in this number. He died at the age of seventy-three. [This was] two hundred ninety-nine years before the Buddha's [advent].