釋氏稽古略 1.400

1.400

扁烈王子。在位四十八年。王七年河山以東強國六淮泗之間小國十餘楚魏與秦接界魏築長城。自鄭濱洛以北有上郡。楚有漢中南有巴黔（音宸）中。皆以夷翟遇。秦擯斥之。不得與中國之會盟。鄒人孟軻見魏惠王（魏遷梁因曰梁）。王曰。叟不遠千里而來。亦有以利吾國乎。孟子曰。君何必曰利。仁義而已矣。初孟子師孔子之孫子思。甞問牧民之道何先。子思曰。先利之。孟子曰。君子所以教民。亦仁義而已矣。何必利。子思曰。仁義固所以利之也。上不仁則下不得其所。上不義則下樂為詐也。此為不利大矣　故易曰。利者義之和也。又曰。利用安身以崇德也。此皆利之大也（孔叢子）。宋丞相司馬溫國公光曰。子思孟子之言一也。夫惟仁者為知仁義之利。不仁者不知也。故孟子之對梁王。直以仁義而不及利者。所與言之人異故也（通鑑）。顯王三十二年孟軻為魏卿。四十三年為齊上卿（兗州曲阜有孟軻墓）王四十四年夏四月秦初稱王。四十六年韓燕皆稱王。趙武靈王獨曰無其實敢處其名乎。令國人謂己曰君。四十八年齊封田嬰於薛。號曰靖郭君。君有子四十餘人。其賤妾之子曰文。文倜儻饒智略。賓客請靖郭君以文為嗣靖郭君卒。文嗣為薛公。孟甞君也。

Bian. Son of King Lie. Reigned for forty-eight years. In the seventh year of the king, east of the Yellow River and Mount [Xiao] there were six powerful states, and between the Huai and Si rivers more than ten small states. Chu and Wei bordered Qin. Wei built the Great Wall: running from Zheng along the Luo River northward, it held Shang Commandery. Chu possessed Hanzhong and south possessed Ba and Qianzhong. All treated Qin as Rong and Di barbarians, shunning and excluding it, not permitting it to join the covenant assemblies of the central states. Meng Ke, a man of Zou, had an audience with King Hui of Wei (Wei had moved to Liang and was therefore called Liang). The king said, 'Venerable sir, not considering a thousand li too far to come, do you also have that which will profit my state?' Mencius said, 'Why must the King speak of profit? There are only benevolence and righteousness, and nothing more.' Formerly, Mencius studied under Confucius's grandson Zisi, and once asked what came first in the way of shepherding the people. Zisi said, 'Profit them first.' Mencius said, 'That by which a gentleman instructs the people is also only benevolence and righteousness; why must there be profit?' Zisi said, 'Benevolence and righteousness are indeed that by which to profit them. If superiors are not benevolent, inferiors will not find their place; if superiors are not righteous, inferiors will delight in deceit. This constitutes the greatest lack of profit! Hence the Changes says: "Profit is the harmony of righteousness." It also says: "Utilizing profit to bring peace to the body in order to exalt virtue." These are all the greatness of profit' (Kongcongzi). Sima Guang, Chancellor of the Song and Duke of the State of Wen, said: 'The words of Zisi and Mencius are one. Only the benevolent know the profit of benevolence and righteousness; the non-benevolent do not know it. Thus when Mencius answered the King of Liang, he spoke directly of benevolence and righteousness without touching upon profit, precisely because the person he was speaking to was different' (Zizhi tongjian). In the thirty-second year of King Xian, Meng Ke became a minister of Wei; in the forty-third year, he became a senior minister of Qi (in Qufu of Yanzhou is the tomb of Meng Ke). In the forty-fourth year of the king, in summer, the fourth month, Qin first called itself a kingdom. In the forty-sixth year, Han and Yan both called themselves kingdoms. King Wuling of Zhao alone said, 'Without the reality, how dare I presume the title?' and ordered the people of his state to address him as 'Lord'. In the forty-eighth year, Qi enfiefed Tian Ying at Xue, styling him Lord Jingguo. The lord had more than forty sons; the son of his lowly concubine was named Wen. Wen was dashing and full of strategic wisdom. The guests requested Lord Jingguo to make Wen his heir. When Lord Jingguo died, Wen succeeded as Duke of Xue; he was the Lord of Mengchang.