釋氏稽古略 2.90

2.90

禿髮烏孤。河西鮮卑人。至是晉帝隆安元年據廣武（今陝西鞏昌路蘭州。古雍州之地也）。號南涼。戊戌年烏孤建元太初。庚子年利鹿孤建和元年正月欲稱帝。安國將軍鍮勿嵛曰。吾國上世以來被髮左袵無冠帶之飾。逐水草遷徙。無城廓室廬。故能雄視沙漠抗衡中夏。利鹿孤從之。乃更稱河西王。改元建和。以廣武公傉（奴篤切）檀為都督中外諸軍事涼州牧。壬寅年景王傉檀立。年曰弘昌。戊申年四月後秦王姚興欲取傉檀。使尚書郎韋宗往峴之。論當世大略縱橫無窮。宗退嘆曰。奇才英器不必華夏。明智敏識不必讀書。吾乃今知九州之外五經之表。復自有人也。歸言於興。涼州未可圖也。興不聽遣兵襲傉檀。後秦兵大敗。十一月傉檀稱涼王。大赦改元嘉平。置百官。甲寅晉義熙十年也。傉檀為西秦乞伏熾盤所殺。南涼滅。三主一十八年。

Tufa Wugu was a Xianbei from Hexi. Coming to this first year of Long'an of the Jin Emperor, he occupied Guangwu (now Lanzhou in Gongchang Circuit, Shaanxi; territory of ancient Yongzhou), naming his state Southern Liang. In the wuxu year, Wugu established the reign era Taichu. In the gengzi year, the first year of Jianhe of Lilugu, in the first month, Lilugu wished to declare himself emperor. General for Pacifying the State Touwuyu said: "From the times of our ancestors, our state has worn unbraided hair and lapels fastened to the left, without the adornment of cap and sash. We move following water and grass, having neither walled cities nor fixed dwellings. It is for this reason that we can dominate the desert and hold our own against the Central Plains." Lilugu followed his advice, and instead declared himself King of Hexi, changing the reign era to Jianhe. He appointed the Duke of Guangwu, Rutan (pronounced nu-du), as Commander of All Internal and External Military Affairs and Governor of Liangzhou. In the renyin year, King Jing, Rutan, ascended the throne; his reign era was called Hongchang. In the wushen year, in the fourth month, the Later Qin King Yao Xing wished to seize Rutan and dispatched Gentleman of the Secretariat Wei Zong thither to observe him. [Rutan] discussed the grand strategies of the contemporary age without limit. Zong retired and sighed: "Remarkable talent and heroic capacity need not come from China; clear wisdom and sharp discernment need not come from reading the classics. Only now do I know that beyond the Nine Provinces and outside the Five Classics, there are truly men of caliber." Upon returning, he said to Xing: "Liangzhou cannot yet be plotted against." Xing did not listen and dispatched troops to attack Rutan; the Later Qin forces suffered a crushing defeat. In the eleventh month, Rutan proclaimed himself King of Liang, declared a great amnesty, changed the reign era to Jiaping, and established the hundred offices. In the jiayin year, the tenth year of Yixi of Jin, Rutan was killed by Qifu Chipan of Western Qin, and Southern Liang fell: three rulers, eighteen years in total.