大唐西域記 1.36

1.36

南行十餘里，有小孤城，三百餘戶，本中國人也，昔為突厥所掠，後遂鳩集同國，共保此城，於中宅居。衣服去就，遂同突厥；言辭儀範，猶存本國。

Going west from the town Su-yeh 400 li or so, we come to the "Thousand springs." This territory is about 200 li square. On the south are the Snowy Mountains, on the other sides (three boundaries) is level tableland. The soil is well watered ; the trees afford a grateful shade, and the flowers in the spring months are varied and like tapestry. There are a thousand springs of water and lakes here, and hence the name. The Khan of the Tuh-kiueh comes to this place every (year) to avoid the heat. There are a number of deer here, many of which are ornamented with bells and rings; they are tame and not afraid of the people, nor do they run away. The Khan is very fond of them, and has forbidden them to be killed on pain of death without remission ; hence they are preserved and live out their days. Going from the Thousand springs westward 140 or 150 li, we come to the town of Ta-lo-sse (Taras). This town is 8 or 9 li in circuit ; merchants from all parts assemble and live here with the natives (Tartars). The products and the climate are about the same as Su-yeh. Going 10 li or so to the south, there is a little deserted town. It had once about 300 houses, occupied by people of China. Some time ago the inhabitants were violently carried off by the Tuh-kiueh, but afterwards assembling a number of their countrymen, they occupied this place in common. Their clothes being worn out, they adopted the Turkish mode of dress, but they have preserved their own native language and customs.