大唐西域記 11.47

11.47

伐剌拏國，周四千餘里。國大都城周二十餘里。居人殷盛，役屬迦畢試國。地多山林，稼穡時播。氣序微寒，風俗獷烈。性急暴，志鄙弊。語言少同中印度。邪正兼崇，不好學藝。伽藍數十，荒圮已多，僧徒三百餘人，並學大乘法教。天祠五所，多塗灰外道也。城南不遠有故伽藍，如來在昔於此說法，示教利喜，開悟含生。其側有過去四佛座及經行遺迹之處。聞諸土俗曰：從此國西接稽畺那國，居大山間川，別立主，無大君長。多羊、馬，有善馬者，其形姝大，諸國希種，隣境所寶。復此西北，踰大山，涉廣川，歷小城邑，行二千餘里，出印度境，至漕矩吒國（亦謂漕利國）。

This kingdom is about 4000 li in circuit, and the chief town about 20 li. The population is dense. The kingdom is subject to Kapiśa. The chief portion of the country consists of mountains and forests. It is regularly cultivated. The climate is rather cold. The manners of the people are rough and fierce. They are persevering in their habits, but their purposes are low. Their language is somewhat like that of Mid-India. Some of them believe in Buddha, others not. They do not care about literature or the arts. There are some tens of sanghārāmas, but they are in ruins. There are about 300 priests, who study the Great Vehicle. There are about five Dēva temples, frequented mostly by Pāśupata heretics.
Not far to the south of the city is an old sanghārāma. Here Tathāgata in old days preached, exhibiting the profit and delight of his doctrine, and opening the mind of his hearers. By the side of it are traces where the four past Buddhas sat down or walked for exercise.
The common report says on the western frontier of this country is the kingdom of Ki-kiang-na (Kikana ?). The people live amid the great mountains and valleys in separate clans. They have no chief ruler. They breed an immense quantity of sheep and horses. The shen horses are of a large size, and the countries around breed but few, and therefore they are highly valued.
Leaving this country and going north-west, after traversing great mountains and crossing wide valleys, and passing a succession of smaller towns, and going 2000 li or so, we leave the frontiers of India and come to the kingdom of Tsau-ku-ta.
NOTE. — The remainder of the section, noticed on pp. 248, 249, records a mission sent to the same king of Ceylon, Alibunar, by the Emperor of China (Ch'hăng Tsu), under the direction of the eunuch Ch'hing Ho; his object was to offer incense and flowers. Having arrived, he exhorted the king to respect the teaching of Buddha and to expel the heretics. The king being enraged, desired to slay him, but Ch'hing Ho being aware of the plot, escaped. Again the same ambassador was sent to receive the homage of foreign states, and came to Ceylon (Si-lan-shan-kwo, the country of the Seilan mountain). The king rebelliously refused to pay any respect to the embassage, and collected 50,000 soldiers to block the way and to destroy the ships. Ch'hing Ho having learned the purpose of the king, sent secretly by a circuitous way to the ships, and got 3000 soldiers by night to march on the royal city. Being surrounded by the enemy's troops, they defended the city for six days, and then having treated the king with contumely, they opened the gates in the morning, and fought their way for twenty li; when the daylight began to fail, they offered up prayers to the sacred tooth, and suddenly an unusual light shone before them and lighted them on their way. Having reached their ships, they rested in peace, and arrived at the capital in the ninth year of Yung-loh (A.D. 1412), the seventh month, and ninth day.