釋迦方志 1.17

1.17

四言水者。此洲中心有一大池。名阿那陀答多。唐言無熱惱也。即經所謂阿耨達池。在香山南大雪山北。居山頂上非凡所至。池周八百里四岸寶飾。正南當於平地地獄所居。故金剛座東僻至五千里。又池正南當洲尖處。其北當謎羅川即北。又當葱嶺北千泉也。上空定約當北辰星。今望第五似如西欹。且天上一寸地下一千。千泉去京八千餘里焉。約天無一尺矣。其池北去鉢露羅國減千里。東南屈露多國。西南罽賓國。各千餘里。然四海為壑水趣所極。故此一池分出四河。各隨地勢而注一海。故葱嶺以東水注東海。達儭以南水注南海。雪山以西水注西海。大秦以北水注北海。故地高水本注是其中此居海濱邊名難奪。又佛經宏大通舉事周。博見聖賢義非妄委。於上所列咸符地圖。然此神州所著書史。寓言臆度浮濫極多。時約佛經更廣其類。都皆蕪穢試為舉之。水經云。無熱丘者即崑崙山　又扶南傳云。阿耨達山即崑崙山　又山海經云。南流沙濱。赤水後黑水前。有大山名崑崙丘　又云。鍾山西六百里。有崑崙山出五水　案穆天子傳云。舂山音鍾。又云。海內崑崙丘。在西北帝之下。方八百高萬仞。又十州記云。崑崙陵即崑山也。在北海亥地去岸十三萬里。此約指佛經蘇迷山也。

Fourth, concerning waters: in the centre of this continent is a great lake named Anavatapta, translated into Chinese as 'Without Fever'. This is what the sūtras call Lake Anavatapta. It lies south of Mount Gandhamādana and north of the Great Snow Mountains, situated atop a mountain summit, inaccessible to ordinary mortals. The lake is eight hundred li in circumference, its four shores adorned with jewels. Directly south, on level ground, lies the dwelling of the hells; hence the vajrāsana is offset five thousand li to the east. Furthermore, directly south of the lake aligns with the tip of the continent; its north aligns with the Miluo Valley, and further north aligns with the Thousand Springs north of the Pamirs. Directly above in the sky, it aligns with the Pole Star. Now, looking at the fifth [star], it seems tilted to the west. Moreover, one inch in heaven corresponds to one thousand li on earth; the Thousand Springs is over eight thousand li from the capital, which corresponds to less than one foot in heaven. The lake is less than one thousand li north to the country of Bolor; to the southeast, the country of Kulūta, and to the southwest, the country of Kaśmīra, are each over one thousand li away. Now, the four seas form the reservoirs, the ultimate destination of the waters. Thus, this single lake divides into four rivers, each following the terrain to flow into one sea. Therefore, east of the Pamirs, the waters flow into the Eastern Sea; south of Dakṣiṇa, the waters flow into the Southern Sea; west of the Snow Mountains, the waters flow into the Western Sea; north of Daqin, the waters flow into the Northern Sea. Because the land is high and the source of waters flows out from it, this is the centre; lying on the seashore, peripheral lands can hardly claim this title. Moreover, the Buddhist sūtras are grand and broad, encompassing all matters thoroughly; the far-reaching vision of sages and worthies is by no means an empty fabrication. Everything listed above accords with geographical maps. However, the books and histories written in this Divine Continent contain an abundance of allegories, conjectures, and unsubstantiated claims. From time to time, they draw upon the Buddhist sūtras to broaden their classifications, but all are confused and corrupt; let us attempt to cite them. The Commentary on the Water Classic states: 'The Hill Without Heat is Mount Kunlun.' Again, the Account of Funan states: 'Mount Anavatapta is Mount Kunlun.' Again, the Classic of Mountains and Seas states: 'On the southern shore of the Flowing Sands, behind the Red Water and before the Black Water, there is a great mountain named the Kunlun Mound.' It also states: 'Six hundred li west of Mount Zhong, there is Mount Kunlun, from which five waters flow.' Examining the Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven: 'Chongshan is pronounced Zhong.' It also states: 'The Kunlun Mound within the seas lies in the northwest, below the Emperor; it is eight hundred [li] square and ten thousand fathoms high.' Furthermore, the Records of the Ten Continents states: 'The Kunlun Range is Mount Kunlun; in the Hai direction of the Northern Sea, one hundred and thirty thousand li from the shore.' These roughly point to Mount Sumeru in the Buddhist sūtras.